Item talk:Q242669
From geokb
{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "A causal examination of the effects of confounding factors on multimetric indices", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70044569", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70044569" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70044569 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.01.015", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.01.015" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Ecological Indicators", "volumeNumber": "29", "issueNumber": null }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Ecological Indicators" } ], "datePublished": "2013", "dateModified": "2013-03-13", "abstract": "The development of multimetric indices (MMIs) as a means of providing integrative measures of ecosystem condition is becoming widespread. An increasingly recognized problem for the interpretability of MMIs is controlling for the potentially confounding influences of environmental covariates. Most common approaches to handling covariates are based on simple notions of statistical control, leaving the causal implications of covariates and their adjustment unstated. In this paper, we use graphical models to examine some of the potential impacts of environmental covariates on the observed signals between human disturbance and potential response metrics. Using simulations based on various causal networks, we show how environmental covariates can both obscure and exaggerate the effects of human disturbance on individual metrics. We then examine from a causal interpretation standpoint the common practice of adjusting ecological metrics for environmental influences using only the set of sites deemed to be in reference condition. We present and examine the performance of an alternative approach to metric adjustment that uses the whole set of sites and models both environmental and human disturbance effects simultaneously. The findings from our analyses indicate that failing to model and adjust metrics can result in a systematic bias towards those metrics in which environmental covariates function to artificially strengthen the metric\u2013disturbance relationship resulting in MMIs that do not accurately measure impacts of human disturbance. We also find that a \u201cwhole-set modeling approach\u201d requires fewer assumptions and is more efficient with the given information than the more commonly applied \u201creference-set\u201d approach.", "description": "9 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Elsevier" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Grace, James B. gracej@usgs.gov", "givenName": "James B.", "familyName": "Grace", "email": "gracej@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-6374-4726", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Wetland and Aquatic Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "National Wetlands Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Patuxent Wildlife Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pwrc" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Guntenspergen, Glenn R. glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Glenn R.", "familyName": "Guntenspergen", "email": "glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-8593-0244", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Patuxent Wildlife Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pwrc" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Schoolmaster, Donald R. Jr. schoolmasterd@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Donald R.", "familyName": "Schoolmaster", "email": "schoolmasterd@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-0910-4458", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-4458" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Wetland and Aquatic Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "National Wetlands Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Mitchell, Brian R.", "givenName": "Brian R.", "familyName": "Mitchell" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Schweiger, E. William", "givenName": "E. William", "familyName": "Schweiger" } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "National Wetlands Research Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/wetland-and-aquatic-research-center" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "The": [ 0, 174 ], "development": [ 1 ], "of": [ 2, 9, 13, 26, 35, 49, 56, 72, 76, 109, 126, 137, 151, 163, 216 ], "multimetric": [ 3 ], "indices": [ 4 ], "(MMIs)": [ 5 ], "as": [ 6 ], "a": [ 7, 119, 190, 223 ], "means": [ 8 ], "providing": [ 10 ], "integrative": [ 11 ], "measures": [ 12 ], "ecosystem": [ 14 ], "condition": [ 15 ], "is": [ 16, 28, 231 ], "becoming": [ 17 ], "widespread.": [ 18 ], "An": [ 19 ], "increasingly": [ 20 ], "recognized": [ 21 ], "problem": [ 22 ], "for": [ 23, 30, 130 ], "the": [ 24, 31, 53, 73, 80, 107, 123, 135, 149, 160, 204, 235, 239 ], "interpretability": [ 25 ], "MMIs": [ 27, 209 ], "controlling": [ 29 ], "potentially": [ 32 ], "confounding": [ 33 ], "influences": [ 34, 132 ], "environmental": [ 36, 77, 100, 131, 168, 198 ], "covariates.": [ 37 ], "Most": [ 38 ], "common": [ 39, 124 ], "approaches": [ 40 ], "to": [ 41, 69, 140, 155, 182, 201 ], "handling": [ 42 ], "covariates": [ 43, 57, 78, 101, 199 ], "are": [ 44 ], "based": [ 45, 92 ], "on": [ 46, 79, 93, 112 ], "simple": [ 47 ], "notions": [ 48 ], "statistical": [ 50 ], "control,": [ 51 ], "leaving": [ 52 ], "causal": [ 54, 95, 120 ], "implications": [ 55 ], "and": [ 58, 86, 105, 147, 165, 169, 184, 230 ], "their": [ 59 ], "adjustment": [ 60, 157 ], "unstated.": [ 61 ], "In": [ 62 ], "this": [ 63 ], "paper,": [ 64 ], "we": [ 65, 97 ], "use": [ 66 ], "graphical": [ 67 ], "models": [ 68, 166 ], "examine": [ 70, 117, 148 ], "some": [ 71 ], "potential": [ 74, 87 ], "impacts": [ 75, 215 ], "observed": [ 81 ], "signals": [ 82 ], "between": [ 83 ], "human": [ 84, 110, 170, 217 ], "disturbance": [ 85, 111, 171 ], "response": [ 88 ], "metrics.": [ 89, 114 ], "Using": [ 90 ], "simulations": [ 91 ], "various": [ 94 ], "networks,": [ 96 ], "show": [ 98 ], "how": [ 99 ], "can": [ 102, 187 ], "both": [ 103, 167 ], "obscure": [ 104 ], "exaggerate": [ 106 ], "effects": [ 108, 172 ], "individual": [ 113 ], "We": [ 115, 145, 219 ], "then": [ 116 ], "from": [ 118, 176 ], "interpretation": [ 121 ], "standpoint": [ 122 ], "practice": [ 125 ], "adjusting": [ 127 ], "ecological": [ 128 ], "metrics": [ 129, 186, 195 ], "using": [ 133 ], "only": [ 134 ], "set": [ 136, 162 ], "sites": [ 138, 164 ], "deemed": [ 139 ], "be": [ 141 ], "in": [ 142, 189, 196, 208 ], "reference": [ 143 ], "condition.": [ 144 ], "present": [ 146 ], "performance": [ 150 ], "an": [ 152 ], "alternative": [ 153 ], "approach": [ 154 ], "metric": [ 156 ], "that": [ 158, 180, 210, 222 ], "uses": [ 159 ], "whole": [ 161 ], "simultaneously.": [ 173 ], "findings": [ 175 ], "our": [ 177 ], "analyses": [ 178 ], "indicate": [ 179 ], "failing": [ 181 ], "model": [ 183 ], "adjust": [ 185 ], "result": [ 188 ], "systematic": [ 191 ], "bias": [ 192 ], "towards": [ 193 ], "those": [ 194 ], "which": [ 197 ], "function": [ 200 ], "artificially": [ 202 ], "strengthen": [ 203 ], "metric\u2013disturbance": [ 205 ], "relationship": [ 206 ], "resulting": [ 207 ], "do": [ 211 ], "not": [ 212 ], "accurately": [ 213 ], "measure": [ 214 ], "disturbance.": [ 218 ], "also": [ 220 ], "find": [ 221 ], "\"whole-set": [ 224 ], "modeling": [ 225 ], "approach\"": [ 226 ], "requires": [ 227 ], "fewer": [ 228 ], "assumptions": [ 229 ], "more": [ 232, 240 ], "efficient": [ 233 ], "with": [ 234 ], "given": [ 236 ], "information": [ 237 ], "than": [ 238 ], "commonly": [ 241 ], "applied": [ 242 ], "\"reference-set\"": [ 243 ], "approach.": [ 244 ] }, "apc_list": { "value": 2500, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 2500, "provenance": "doaj" }, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5008015721", "display_name": "Donald R. Schoolmaster", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-4458" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "display_name": "United States Geological Survey", "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "https://openalex.org/I1335927249" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "Donald R. Schoolmaster", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center, United States" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Five Rivers Services, LLC at U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center, United States", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002341330", "display_name": "James B. Grace", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "display_name": "United States Geological Survey", "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "https://openalex.org/I1335927249" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "James B. Grace", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetland Research Center 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, United States" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, National Wetland Research Center 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, United States", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5066068844", "display_name": "E. William Schweiger", "orcid": null }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1304808963", "display_name": "National Park Service", "ror": "https://ror.org/044zqqy65", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1304808963", "https://openalex.org/I1335927249" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "E. William Schweiger", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Network, 1201 Oakridge Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80525, United States" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Network, 1201 Oakridge Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80525, United States", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1304808963" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5015707312", "display_name": "B. R. Mitchell", "orcid": null }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1304808963", "display_name": "National Park Service", "ror": "https://ror.org/044zqqy65", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1304808963", "https://openalex.org/I1335927249" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Brian R. Mitchell", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "National Park Service, Northeast Temperate Network 54 Elm Street, Woodstock, VT 05091, United States" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "National Park Service, Northeast Temperate Network 54 Elm Street, Woodstock, VT 05091, United States", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1304808963" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "last", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5003449600", "display_name": "Glenn R. Guntenspergen", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "display_name": "United States Geological Survey", "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "https://openalex.org/I1335927249" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Glenn R. Guntenspergen", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent National Wildlife Research Center 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20707, United States" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent National Wildlife Research Center 12100 Beech Forest Road, Laurel, MD 20707, United States", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ] } ] } ], "best_oa_location": { "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1778&context=usgsstaffpub", "pdf_url": "https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1778&context=usgsstaffpub", "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196105", "display_name": "Digital Commons - University of Nebraska Lincoln (University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I114395901", "host_organization_name": "University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I114395901" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln" ], "type": "repository" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true }, "biblio": { "volume": "29", "issue": null, "first_page": "411", "last_page": "419" }, "citation_normalized_percentile": { "value": 0.909228, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": true }, "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2158692864", "cited_by_count": 42, "cited_by_percentile_year": { "min": 95, "max": 96 }, "concepts": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781067378", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399", "display_name": "Interpretability", "level": 2, "score": 0.8943969 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C119043178", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723", "display_name": "Covariate", "level": 2, "score": 0.8337357 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C176217482", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554", "display_name": "Metric (unit)", "level": 2, "score": 0.70658004 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C177264268", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741", "display_name": "Set (abstract data type)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6531544 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777601987", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581", "display_name": "Disturbance (geology)", "level": 2, "score": 0.6523439 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C77350462", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472", "display_name": "Confounding", "level": 2, "score": 0.5978376 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C188117511", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3153777", "display_name": "Biological integrity", "level": 3, "score": 0.5421385 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C41008148", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198", "display_name": "Computer science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5387287 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C149782125", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039", "display_name": "Econometrics", "level": 1, "score": 0.4893579 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150", "display_name": "Ecology", "level": 1, "score": 0.36950415 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C105795698", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483", "display_name": "Statistics", "level": 1, "score": 0.31583738 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C119857082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539", "display_name": "Machine learning", "level": 1, "score": 0.2674448 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C110872660", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813", "display_name": "Ecosystem", "level": 2, "score": 0.25009167 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C33923547", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395", "display_name": "Mathematics", "level": 0, "score": 0.2153543 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.10104135 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C151730666", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205", "display_name": "Paleontology", "level": 1, "score": 0.0 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C21547014", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657", "display_name": "Operations management", "level": 1, "score": 0.0 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420", "display_name": "Biology", "level": 0, "score": 0.0 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C199360897", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143", "display_name": "Programming language", "level": 1, "score": 0.0 } ], "corresponding_author_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/A5008015721" ], "corresponding_institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "counts_by_year": [ { "year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 2 }, { "year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 2 }, { "year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 1 }, { "year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 2 }, { "year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 2 }, { "year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 2 }, { "year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 1 }, { "year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 7 }, { "year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 20 }, { "year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 3 } ], "created_date": "2016-06-24", "datasets": [], "display_name": "A causal examination of the effects of confounding factors on multimetric indices", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.01.015", "fulltext_origin": "ngrams", "fwci": 8.29, "grants": [], "has_fulltext": true, "id": "https://openalex.org/W2158692864", "ids": { "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2158692864", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.01.015", "mag": "2158692864" }, "indexed_in": [ "crossref" ], "institutions_distinct_count": 2, "is_paratext": false, "is_retracted": false, "keywords": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability", "display_name": "Interpretability", "score": 0.8943969 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-integrity", "display_name": "Biological integrity", "score": 0.5421385 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference", "display_name": "Causal Inference", "score": 0.512753 } ], "language": "en", "locations": [ { "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.01.015", "pdf_url": null, "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S194154261", "display_name": "Ecological Indicators", "issn_l": "1470-160X", "issn": [ "1470-160X", "1872-7034" ], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/P4310320990" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "Elsevier BV" ], "type": "journal" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false }, { "is_oa": true, "landing_page_url": "https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1778&context=usgsstaffpub", "pdf_url": "https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1778&context=usgsstaffpub", "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S4377196105", "display_name": "Digital Commons - University of Nebraska Lincoln (University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln)", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I114395901", "host_organization_name": "University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I114395901" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln" ], "type": "repository" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": "publishedVersion", "is_accepted": true, "is_published": true } ], "locations_count": 2, "mesh": [], "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W2158692864/ngrams", "open_access": { "is_oa": true, "oa_status": "green", "oa_url": "https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1778&context=usgsstaffpub", "any_repository_has_fulltext": true }, "primary_location": { "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.01.015", "pdf_url": null, "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S194154261", "display_name": "Ecological Indicators", "issn_l": "1470-160X", "issn": [ "1470-160X", "1872-7034" ], "is_oa": true, "is_in_doaj": true, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/P4310320990" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "Elsevier BV" ], "type": "journal" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false }, "primary_topic": { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10895", "display_name": "Species Distribution Modeling and Climate Change Impacts", "score": 0.9876, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2302", "display_name": "Ecological Modeling" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, "publication_date": "2013-06-01", "publication_year": 2013, "referenced_works": [ "https://openalex.org/W1603769719", "https://openalex.org/W1965294800", "https://openalex.org/W2006441020", "https://openalex.org/W2007140876", "https://openalex.org/W2008811990", "https://openalex.org/W2036735744", "https://openalex.org/W2039277541", "https://openalex.org/W2046618533", "https://openalex.org/W2056318577", "https://openalex.org/W2056795330", "https://openalex.org/W2057221474", "https://openalex.org/W2069603238", "https://openalex.org/W2073641691", "https://openalex.org/W2075272435", "https://openalex.org/W2078269303", "https://openalex.org/W2081646888", "https://openalex.org/W2095595785", "https://openalex.org/W2104017557", "https://openalex.org/W2112057040", "https://openalex.org/W2117397878", "https://openalex.org/W2122848119", "https://openalex.org/W2126971895", "https://openalex.org/W2145429839", "https://openalex.org/W2153739619", "https://openalex.org/W2158747611", "https://openalex.org/W2159401492", "https://openalex.org/W2160695634", "https://openalex.org/W2170821628", "https://openalex.org/W2328111766", "https://openalex.org/W3140882684", "https://openalex.org/W397031418", "https://openalex.org/W4240941033", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527" ], "referenced_works_count": 33, "related_works": [ "https://openalex.org/W4390569940", "https://openalex.org/W4388422664", "https://openalex.org/W4361193272", "https://openalex.org/W4310278675", "https://openalex.org/W2948749495", "https://openalex.org/W2905433371", "https://openalex.org/W2888392564", "https://openalex.org/W2806259446", "https://openalex.org/W2354275288", "https://openalex.org/W2169619449" ], "sustainable_development_goals": [ { "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15", "display_name": "Life on land", "score": 0.67 } ], "title": "A causal examination of the effects of confounding factors on multimetric indices", "topics": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10895", "display_name": "Species Distribution Modeling and Climate Change Impacts", "score": 0.9876, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2302", "display_name": "Ecological Modeling" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T13398", "display_name": "Statistical Computing and Data Analysis in R", "score": 0.9707, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T11303", "display_name": "Learning and Inference in Bayesian Networks", "score": 0.9701, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1702", "display_name": "Artificial Intelligence" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/17", "display_name": "Computer Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } } ], "type": "article", "type_crossref": "journal-article", "updated_date": "2024-08-11T17:24:41.198998", "versions": [] }
}