Item talk:Q240364
From geokb
{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "CreativeWork", "additionalType": "Book Chapter", "name": "Polar bears and sea ice habitat change", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70190395", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70190395" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70190395 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_23", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_23" } ], "inLanguage": "en", "datePublished": "2017", "dateModified": "2021-04-26", "abstract": "The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is an obligate apex predator of Arctic sea ice and as such can be affected by climate warming-induced changes in the extent and composition of pack ice and its impacts on their seal prey. Sea ice declines have negatively impacted some polar bear subpopulations through reduced energy input because of loss of hunting habitats, higher energy costs due to greater ice drift, ice fracturing and open water, and ultimately greater challenges to recruit young. Projections made from the output of global climate models suggest that polar bears in peripheral Arctic and sub-Arctic seas will be reduced in numbers or become extirpated by the end of the twenty-first century if the rate of climate warming continues on its present trajectory. The same projections also suggest that polar bears may persist in the high-latitude Arctic where heavy multiyear sea ice that has been typical in that region is being replaced by thinner annual ice. Underlying physical and biological oceanography provides clues as to why polar bear in some regions are negatively impacted, while bears in other regions have shown no apparent changes. However, continued declines in sea ice will eventually challenge the survival of polar bears and efforts to conserve them in all regions of the Arctic.", "description": "25 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Springer" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Durner, George M. gdurner@usgs.gov", "givenName": "George M.", "familyName": "Durner", "email": "gdurner@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-3370-1191", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Alaska Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Atwood, Todd C. tatwood@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Todd C.", "familyName": "Atwood", "email": "tatwood@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-1971-3110", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Alaska Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center" } ] } ], "editor": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Butterworth, Andy", "givenName": "Andy", "familyName": "Butterworth" } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "The": [ 0, 124 ], "polar": [ 1, 46, 90, 130, 167, 197 ], "bear": [ 2, 47, 168 ], "(Ursus": [ 3 ], "maritimus)": [ 4 ], "is": [ 5, 150 ], "an": [ 6 ], "obligate": [ 7 ], "apex": [ 8 ], "predator": [ 9 ], "of": [ 10, 29, 54, 56, 84, 109, 116, 196, 207 ], "Arctic": [ 11, 94, 137 ], "sea": [ 12, 141, 189 ], "ice": [ 13, 31, 40, 65, 67, 142, 190 ], "and": [ 14, 27, 32, 69, 72, 95, 159, 199 ], "as": [ 15, 164 ], "such": [ 16 ], "can": [ 17 ], "be": [ 18, 99 ], "affected": [ 19 ], "by": [ 20, 106, 153 ], "climate": [ 21, 86, 117 ], "warming-induced": [ 22 ], "changes": [ 23 ], "in": [ 24, 92, 101, 134, 147, 169, 177, 188, 204 ], "the": [ 25, 82, 107, 110, 114, 135, 194, 208 ], "extent": [ 26 ], "composition": [ 28 ], "pack": [ 30 ], "its": [ 33, 121 ], "impacts": [ 34 ], "on": [ 35, 120 ], "their": [ 36 ], "seal": [ 37 ], "prey.": [ 38 ], "Sea": [ 39 ], "declines": [ 41, 187 ], "have": [ 42, 180 ], "negatively": [ 43, 173 ], "impacted": [ 44 ], "some": [ 45, 170 ], "subpopulations": [ 48 ], "through": [ 49 ], "reduced": [ 50, 100 ], "energy": [ 51, 60 ], "input": [ 52 ], "because": [ 53 ], "loss": [ 55 ], "hunting": [ 57 ], "habitats,": [ 58 ], "higher": [ 59 ], "costs": [ 61 ], "due": [ 62 ], "to": [ 63, 76, 165, 201 ], "greater": [ 64, 74 ], "drift,": [ 66 ], "fracturing": [ 68 ], "open": [ 70 ], "water,": [ 71 ], "ultimately": [ 73 ], "challenges": [ 75 ], "recruit": [ 77 ], "young.": [ 78 ], "Projections": [ 79 ], "made": [ 80 ], "from": [ 81 ], "output": [ 83 ], "global": [ 85 ], "models": [ 87 ], "suggest": [ 88, 128 ], "that": [ 89, 129, 143, 148 ], "bears": [ 91, 131, 176, 198 ], "peripheral": [ 93 ], "sub-Arctic": [ 96 ], "seas": [ 97 ], "will": [ 98, 191 ], "numbers": [ 102 ], "or": [ 103 ], "become": [ 104 ], "extirpated": [ 105 ], "end": [ 108 ], "twenty-first": [ 111 ], "century": [ 112 ], "if": [ 113 ], "rate": [ 115 ], "warming": [ 118 ], "continues": [ 119 ], "present": [ 122 ], "trajectory.": [ 123 ], "same": [ 125 ], "projections": [ 126 ], "also": [ 127 ], "may": [ 132 ], "persist": [ 133 ], "high-latitude": [ 136 ], "where": [ 138 ], "heavy": [ 139 ], "multiyear": [ 140 ], "has": [ 144 ], "been": [ 145 ], "typical": [ 146 ], "region": [ 149 ], "being": [ 151 ], "replaced": [ 152 ], "thinner": [ 154 ], "annual": [ 155 ], "ice.": [ 156 ], "Underlying": [ 157 ], "physical": [ 158 ], "biological": [ 160 ], "oceanography": [ 161 ], "provides": [ 162 ], "clues": [ 163 ], "why": [ 166 ], "regions": [ 171, 179, 206 ], "are": [ 172 ], "impacted,": [ 174 ], "while": [ 175 ], "other": [ 178 ], "shown": [ 181 ], "no": [ 182 ], "apparent": [ 183 ], "changes.": [ 184 ], "However,": [ 185 ], "continued": [ 186 ], "eventually": [ 192 ], "challenge": [ 193 ], "survival": [ 195 ], "efforts": [ 200 ], "conserve": [ 202 ], "them": [ 203 ], "all": [ 205 ], "Arctic.": [ 209 ] }, "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5033439682", "display_name": "George M. Durner", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "display_name": "United States Geological Survey", "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "https://openalex.org/I1335927249" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": true, "raw_author_name": "George M. Durner", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "last", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5034977217", "display_name": "Todd C. Atwood", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "display_name": "United States Geological Survey", "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863", "country_code": "US", "type": "government", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397", "https://openalex.org/I1335927249" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Todd C. Atwood", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Polar Bear Research Program, U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Polar Bear Research Program, U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ] } ] } ], "best_oa_location": null, "biblio": { "volume": null, "issue": null, "first_page": "419", "last_page": "443" }, "citation_normalized_percentile": { "value": 0.582749, "is_in_top_1_percent": false, "is_in_top_10_percent": false }, "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2677053662", "cited_by_count": 1, "cited_by_percentile_year": { "min": 66, "max": 73 }, "concepts": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/C2910271056", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33609", "display_name": "Ursus maritimus", "level": 3, "score": 0.9508726 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C136894858", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926", "display_name": "Sea ice", "level": 2, "score": 0.8129046 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C518008717", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322", "display_name": "Arctic", "level": 2, "score": 0.6572381 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C161798024", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008", "display_name": "Arctic ice pack", "level": 3, "score": 0.621227 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C143510601", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16243069", "display_name": "Arctic sea ice decline", "level": 5, "score": 0.5883543 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847", "display_name": "Environmental science", "level": 0, "score": 0.5256504 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C189059800", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1310671", "display_name": "Ice-albedo feedback", "level": 5, "score": 0.5238987 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C29705727", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294562", "display_name": "Polar", "level": 2, "score": 0.5082583 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C111368507", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518", "display_name": "Oceanography", "level": 1, "score": 0.50321835 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C155372631", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4787572", "display_name": "Arctic geoengineering", "level": 5, "score": 0.49853706 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C132651083", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942", "display_name": "Climate change", "level": 2, "score": 0.48722497 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C115343472", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942", "display_name": "Global warming", "level": 3, "score": 0.47956246 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C16335420", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18205270", "display_name": "Antarctic sea ice", "level": 4, "score": 0.4209636 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071", "display_name": "Geography", "level": 0, "score": 0.41532582 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C49204034", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139", "display_name": "Climatology", "level": 1, "score": 0.35988796 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C100970517", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107", "display_name": "Physical geography", "level": 1, "score": 0.3267068 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069", "display_name": "Geology", "level": 0, "score": 0.29250115 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C121332964", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413", "display_name": "Physics", "level": 0, "score": 0.0 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C1276947", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333", "display_name": "Astronomy", "level": 1, "score": 0.0 } ], "corresponding_author_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/A5033439682" ], "corresponding_institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I1286329397" ], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "counts_by_year": [ { "year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 1 } ], "created_date": "2017-06-30", "datasets": [], "display_name": "Polar Bears and Sea Ice Habitat Change", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_23", "fwci": 0.0, "grants": [], "has_fulltext": false, "id": "https://openalex.org/W2677053662", "ids": { "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2677053662", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_23", "mag": "2677053662" }, "indexed_in": [ "crossref" ], "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "is_paratext": false, "is_retracted": false, "keywords": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ursus-maritimus", "display_name": "Ursus maritimus", "score": 0.9508726 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-change", "display_name": "Habitat Change", "score": 0.524574 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-albedo-feedback", "display_name": "Ice-albedo feedback", "score": 0.5238987 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-geoengineering", "display_name": "Arctic geoengineering", "score": 0.49853706 } ], "language": "en", "locations": [ { "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_23", "pdf_url": null, "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210231318", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "issn_l": "1572-7408", "issn": [ "1572-7408" ], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319972", "host_organization_name": "Springer International Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/P4310319965", "https://openalex.org/P4310319972" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "Springer Nature", "Springer International Publishing" ], "type": "book series" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false } ], "locations_count": 1, "mesh": [], "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W2677053662/ngrams", "open_access": { "is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false }, "primary_location": { "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46994-2_23", "pdf_url": null, "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S4210231318", "display_name": "Animal welfare", "issn_l": "1572-7408", "issn": [ "1572-7408" ], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310319972", "host_organization_name": "Springer International Publishing", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/P4310319965", "https://openalex.org/P4310319972" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "Springer Nature", "Springer International Publishing" ], "type": "book series" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false }, "primary_topic": { "id": "https://openalex.org/T11459", "display_name": "Arctic Sea Ice Variability and Decline", "score": 0.9998, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902", "display_name": "Atmospheric Science" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, "publication_date": "2017-01-01", "publication_year": 2017, "referenced_works": [ "https://openalex.org/W1525328314", "https://openalex.org/W1537384231", "https://openalex.org/W1563660279", "https://openalex.org/W1648694159", "https://openalex.org/W1649409368", "https://openalex.org/W1741005788", "https://openalex.org/W1809829952", "https://openalex.org/W1867506197", "https://openalex.org/W1898754633", "https://openalex.org/W1964971497", "https://openalex.org/W1965671915", "https://openalex.org/W1969217668", "https://openalex.org/W1971162090", "https://openalex.org/W1972325882", "https://openalex.org/W1974786591", "https://openalex.org/W1983625712", "https://openalex.org/W1984193199", "https://openalex.org/W1985290046", "https://openalex.org/W1990766317", "https://openalex.org/W2000334670", "https://openalex.org/W2009770165", "https://openalex.org/W2018874915", "https://openalex.org/W2032411735", "https://openalex.org/W203646011", "https://openalex.org/W2042001487", "https://openalex.org/W2042991198", "https://openalex.org/W2049583673", "https://openalex.org/W2057692000", "https://openalex.org/W2058078095", "https://openalex.org/W2058919627", "https://openalex.org/W2064655548", "https://openalex.org/W2067218923", "https://openalex.org/W2071932903", "https://openalex.org/W2083198393", "https://openalex.org/W2087899661", "https://openalex.org/W2095024266", "https://openalex.org/W2096648902", "https://openalex.org/W2098238814", "https://openalex.org/W2100272878", "https://openalex.org/W2102890126", "https://openalex.org/W2103164730", "https://openalex.org/W2104181136", "https://openalex.org/W2106866506", "https://openalex.org/W2111026201", "https://openalex.org/W2114280848", "https://openalex.org/W2114451880", "https://openalex.org/W2121276931", "https://openalex.org/W2123193112", "https://openalex.org/W2123445693", "https://openalex.org/W2124731474", "https://openalex.org/W2127378456", "https://openalex.org/W2127946557", "https://openalex.org/W2133873100", "https://openalex.org/W2139869969", "https://openalex.org/W2142420818", "https://openalex.org/W2143090394", "https://openalex.org/W2144096669", "https://openalex.org/W2144230734", "https://openalex.org/W2147848639", "https://openalex.org/W2149659159", "https://openalex.org/W2155074471", "https://openalex.org/W2157725725", "https://openalex.org/W2159841575", "https://openalex.org/W2162251828", "https://openalex.org/W2163520035", "https://openalex.org/W2166576430", "https://openalex.org/W2167587605", "https://openalex.org/W2167966151", "https://openalex.org/W2179928531", "https://openalex.org/W2260594164", "https://openalex.org/W2277091191", "https://openalex.org/W2290462016", "https://openalex.org/W2317113706", "https://openalex.org/W2321753790", "https://openalex.org/W2321765288", "https://openalex.org/W2324911479", "https://openalex.org/W2331903791", "https://openalex.org/W2464508507", "https://openalex.org/W2754091475", "https://openalex.org/W2800736275", "https://openalex.org/W2924055038", "https://openalex.org/W292454685", "https://openalex.org/W3021740396", "https://openalex.org/W333295854", "https://openalex.org/W4285719527" ], "referenced_works_count": 85, "related_works": [ "https://openalex.org/W595789583", "https://openalex.org/W4247776806", "https://openalex.org/W2966692070", "https://openalex.org/W2916485758", "https://openalex.org/W2811182780", "https://openalex.org/W2749450293", "https://openalex.org/W2116030881", "https://openalex.org/W2115421472", "https://openalex.org/W1993208092", "https://openalex.org/W1671309412" ], "sustainable_development_goals": [ { "display_name": "Life below water", "score": 0.45, "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14" } ], "title": "Polar Bears and Sea Ice Habitat Change", "topics": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/T11459", "display_name": "Arctic Sea Ice Variability and Decline", "score": 0.9998, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902", "display_name": "Atmospheric Science" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10659", "display_name": "Ecology and Conservation of Marine Mammals", "score": 0.9995, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303", "display_name": "Ecology" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10644", "display_name": "Impacts of Climate Change on Glaciers and Water Availability", "score": 0.9966, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1902", "display_name": "Atmospheric Science" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19", "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } } ], "type": "book-chapter", "type_crossref": "book-chapter", "updated_date": "2024-08-11T11:55:04.353631", "versions": [] }
}