Item talk:Q240025

From geokb

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   "name": "Regionalizing indicators for marine ecosystems: Bering Sea\u2013Aleutian Island seabirds, climate, and competitors",
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     "name": "Ecological Indicators",
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   "abstract": "Seabirds are thought to be reliable, real-time indicators of forage fish availability and the climatic and\r\nbiotic factors affecting pelagic food webs in marine ecosystems. In this study, we tested the hypothesis\r\nthat temporal trends and interannual variability in seabird indicators reflect simultaneously occurring\r\nbottom-up (climatic) and competitor (pink salmon) forcing of food webs. To test this hypothesis, we\r\nderived multivariate seabird indicators for the Bering Sea\u2013Aleutian Island (BSAI) ecosystem and related\r\nthem to physical and biological conditions known to affect pelagic food webs in the ecosystem. We\r\nexamined covariance in the breeding biology of congeneric pelagic gulls (kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla and\r\nR. brevirostris) andauks (murres Uria aalge and U. lomvia), all of whichare abundant and well-studiedinthe\r\nBSAI. At the large ecosystem scale, kittiwake and murre breeding success and phenology (hatch dates)\r\ncovaried among congeners, so data could be combined using multivariate techniques, but patterns of\r\nresponsedifferedsubstantially betweenthe genera.Whiledata fromall sites (n = 5)inthe ecosystemcould\r\nbe combined, the south eastern Bering Sea shelf colonies (St. George, St. Paul, and Cape Peirce) provided\r\nthe strongest loadings on indicators, and hence had the strongest influence on modes of variability. The\r\nkittiwake breeding success mode of variability, dominated by biennial variation, was significantly related\r\nto both climatic factors and potential competitor interactions. The murre indicator mode was interannual\r\nand only weakly related to the climatic factors measured. The kittiwake phenology indicator mode of\r\nvariability showed multi-year periods (\u201cstanzas\u201d) of late or early breeding, while the murre phenology\r\nindicator showed a trend towards earlier timing. Ocean climate relationships with the kittiwake breeding\r\nsuccess indicator suggestthat early-season (winter\u2013spring) environmental conditions and the abundance\r\nof pink salmon affect the pelagic food webs that support these seabirds in the BSAI ecosystem.",
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