Item talk:Q239926
From geokb
{
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"@type": "Article",
"additionalType": "Journal Article",
"name": "Assessment of the potential respiratory hazard of volcanic ash from future Icelandic eruptions: A study of archived basaltic to rhyolitic ash samples",
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"value": "10.1186/s12940-017-0302-9",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-017-0302-9"
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"journal": {
"@type": "Periodical",
"name": "Environmental Health",
"volumeNumber": "16",
"issueNumber": "98"
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"datePublished": "2017",
"dateModified": "2017-10-22",
"abstract": "BackgroundThe eruptions of Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull (2010) and Gr\u00edmsv\u00f6tn (2011), Iceland, triggered immediate, international consideration of the respiratory health hazard of inhaling volcanic ash, and prompted the need to estimate the potential hazard posed by future eruptions of Iceland\u2019s volcanoes to Icelandic and Northern European populations.\u00a0MethodsA physicochemical characterization and toxicological assessment was conducted on a suite of archived ash samples spanning the spectrum of past eruptions (basaltic to rhyolitic magmatic composition) of Icelandic volcanoes following a protocol specifically designed by the International Volcanic Health Hazard Network.\u00a0ResultsIcelandic ash can be of a respirable size (up to 11.3 vol.% < 4 \u03bcm), but the samples did not display physicochemical characteristics of pathogenic particulate in terms of composition or morphology. Ash particles were generally angular, being composed of fragmented glass and crystals. Few fiber-like particles were observed, but those present comprised glass or sodium oxides, and are not related to pathogenic natural fibers, like asbestos or fibrous zeolites, thereby limiting concern of associated respiratory diseases. None of the samples contained cristobalite or tridymite, and only one sample contained quartz, minerals of interest due to the potential to cause silicosis. Sample surface areas are low, ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 m2 g\u22121, which aligns with analyses on ash from other eruptions worldwide. All samples generated a low level of hydroxyl radicals (HO\u2022), a measure of surface reactivity, through the iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction compared to concurrently analyzed comparative samples. However, radical generation increased after \u2018refreshing\u2019 sample surfaces, indicating that newly erupted samples may display higher reactivity. A composition-dependent range of available surface iron was measured after a 7-day incubation, from 22.5 to 315.7 \u03bcmol m\u22122, with mafic samples releasing more iron than silicic samples. All samples were non-reactive in a test of red blood cell-membrane damage.\u00a0ConclusionsThe primary particle-specific concern is the potential for future eruptions of Iceland\u2019s volcanoes to generate fine, respirable material and, thus, to increase ambient PM concentrations. This particularly applies to highly explosive silicic eruptions, but can also hold true for explosive basaltic eruptions or discrete events associated with basaltic fissure eruptions.",
"description": "15 p.",
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"name": "BioMed Central"
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"name": "Damby, David ddamby@usgs.gov",
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"name": "Volcano Science Center",
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