Item talk:Q239908
From geokb
{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "Evidence for early life in Earth\u2019s oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70193303", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70193303" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70193303 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1038/nature21377", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21377" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Nature", "volumeNumber": "543", "issueNumber": null }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Nature" } ], "datePublished": "2017", "dateModified": "2017-11-01", "abstract": "Although it is not known when or where life on Earth began, some of the earliest habitable environments may have been submarine-hydrothermal vents. Here we describe putative fossilized microorganisms that are at least 3,770 million and possibly 4,280 million years old in ferruginous sedimentary rocks, interpreted as seafloor-hydrothermal vent-related precipitates, from the Nuvvuagittuq belt in Quebec, Canada. These structures occur as micrometre-scale haematite tubes and filaments with morphologies and mineral assemblages similar to those of filamentous microorganisms from modern hydrothermal vent precipitates and analogous microfossils in younger rocks. The Nuvvuagittuq rocks contain isotopically light carbon in carbonate and carbonaceous material, which occurs as graphitic inclusions in diagenetic carbonate rosettes, apatite blades intergrown among carbonate rosettes and magnetite\u2013haematite granules, and is associated with carbonate in direct contact with the putative microfossils. Collectively, these observations are consistent with an oxidized biomass and provide evidence for biological activity in submarine-hydrothermal environments more than 3,770 million years ago.", "description": "5 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Nature Publishing Group" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Grenne, Tor", "givenName": "Tor", "familyName": "Grenne", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Geological Survey of Norway" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Rittner, Martin", "givenName": "Martin", "familyName": "Rittner", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Earth Sciences, University College London" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "O\u2019Neil, Jonathan", "givenName": "Jonathan", "familyName": "O\u2019Neil", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Ottawa" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Little, Crispin T.S.", "givenName": "Crispin T.S.", "familyName": "Little", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "University of Leeds, UK" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Pirajno, Franco", "givenName": "Franco", "familyName": "Pirajno", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Centre for Exploration Targeting, The University of Western Australia" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Slack, John F. jfslack@usgs.gov", "givenName": "John F.", "familyName": "Slack", "email": "jfslack@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-6600-3130", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Mineral Resources Program", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/mineral-resources-program" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/florence-bascom-geoscience-center" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Dodd, Matthew S.", "givenName": "Matthew S.", "familyName": "Dodd", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "London Centre for Nanotechnology; Department of Earth Sciences, University College London" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Papineau, Dominic", "givenName": "Dominic", "familyName": "Papineau", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "London Centre for Nanotechnology; Department of Earth Sciences, University College London" } ] } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geology-energy-and-minerals-science-center" } ], "spatialCoverage": [ { "@type": "Place", "additionalType": "country", "name": "Canada", "url": "https://geonames.org/4269037" }, { "@type": "Place", "additionalType": "state", "name": "Quebec" }, { "@type": "Place", "additionalType": "unknown", "name": "Nuvvuagittuq belt" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "Although": [ 0 ], "it": [ 1 ], "is": [ 2, 119 ], "not": [ 3 ], "known": [ 4 ], "when": [ 5 ], "or": [ 6 ], "where": [ 7 ], "life": [ 8 ], "on": [ 9 ], "Earth": [ 10 ], "began,": [ 11 ], "some": [ 12 ], "of": [ 13, 74 ], "the": [ 14, 51, 127 ], "earliest": [ 15 ], "habitable": [ 16 ], "environments": [ 17, 147 ], "may": [ 18 ], "have": [ 19 ], "been": [ 20 ], "submarine-hydrothermal": [ 21, 146 ], "vents.": [ 22 ], "Here": [ 23 ], "we": [ 24 ], "describe": [ 25 ], "putative": [ 26, 128 ], "fossilized": [ 27 ], "microorganisms": [ 28, 76 ], "that": [ 29 ], "are": [ 30, 133 ], "at": [ 31 ], "least": [ 32 ], "3,770": [ 33, 150 ], "million": [ 34, 38, 151 ], "and": [ 35, 64, 68, 82, 97, 115, 118, 139 ], "possibly": [ 36 ], "4,280": [ 37 ], "years": [ 39, 152 ], "old": [ 40 ], "in": [ 41, 54, 85, 95, 105, 123, 145 ], "ferruginous": [ 42 ], "sedimentary": [ 43 ], "rocks,": [ 44 ], "interpreted": [ 45 ], "as": [ 46, 60, 102 ], "seafloor-hydrothermal": [ 47 ], "vent-related": [ 48 ], "precipitates,": [ 49 ], "from": [ 50, 77 ], "Nuvvuagittuq": [ 52, 89 ], "belt": [ 53 ], "Quebec,": [ 55 ], "Canada.": [ 56 ], "These": [ 57 ], "structures": [ 58 ], "occur": [ 59 ], "micrometre-scale": [ 61 ], "haematite": [ 62 ], "tubes": [ 63 ], "filaments": [ 65 ], "with": [ 66, 121, 126, 135 ], "morphologies": [ 67 ], "mineral": [ 69 ], "assemblages": [ 70 ], "similar": [ 71 ], "to": [ 72 ], "those": [ 73 ], "filamentous": [ 75 ], "modern": [ 78 ], "hydrothermal": [ 79 ], "vent": [ 80 ], "precipitates": [ 81 ], "analogous": [ 83 ], "microfossils": [ 84 ], "younger": [ 86 ], "rocks.": [ 87 ], "The": [ 88 ], "rocks": [ 90 ], "contain": [ 91 ], "isotopically": [ 92 ], "light": [ 93 ], "carbon": [ 94 ], "carbonate": [ 96, 107, 113, 122 ], "carbonaceous": [ 98 ], "material,": [ 99 ], "which": [ 100 ], "occurs": [ 101 ], "graphitic": [ 103 ], "inclusions": [ 104 ], "diagenetic": [ 106 ], "rosettes,": [ 108 ], "apatite": [ 109 ], "blades": [ 110 ], "intergrown": [ 111 ], "among": [ 112 ], "rosettes": [ 114 ], "magnetite-haematite": [ 116 ], "granules,": [ 117 ], "associated": [ 120 ], "direct": [ 124 ], "contact": [ 125 ], "microfossils.": [ 129 ], "Collectively,": [ 130 ], "these": [ 131 ], "observations": [ 132 ], "consistent": [ 134 ], "an": [ 136 ], "oxidized": [ 137 ], "biomass": [ 138 ], "provide": [ 140 ], "evidence": [ 141 ], "for": [ 142 ], "biological": [ 143 ], "activity": [ 144 ], "more": [ 148 ], "than": [ 149 ], "ago.": [ 153 ] }, "apc_list": { "value": 9750, "currency": "EUR", "value_usd": 11690, "provenance": "doaj" }, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5051702602", "display_name": "Matthew S. 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