Item talk:Q239753
From geokb
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"name": "Morphological and molecular characterization of Sarcocystis arctica-like sarcocysts from the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) from Alaska, USA",
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"abstract": "The muscles of herbivores commonly harbor sarcocysts of parasites belonging to species in the genus\u00a0Sarcocystis,\u00a0but such muscle parasites are rare in carnivores. Here, we report\u00a0Sarcocystis arctica-like sarcocysts in muscles of Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) from Alaska, USA, for the first time. The tongues of 56 foxes were examined for\u00a0Sarcocystis\u00a0infection using several methods.\u00a0Sarcocystis\u00a0bradyzoites were detected in pepsin digests of 13 (23.2%), and sarcocysts were found in histological sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) of 9 (16.0%). By light microscopy, sarcocysts were up to 4\u00a0mm long and up to 245\u00a0\u03bcm wide. In HE-stained sections, the sarcocyst wall appeared smooth and up to 1.5\u00a0\u03bcm thick without visible protrusions. By transmission electron microscopy, the sarcocyst wall had a wavy parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (pvm) folded as pleomorphic villar protrusions (vp), sometimes with anastomoses of villar tips. The vp and the ground substance (gs) layer were smooth and without microtubules. The gs was up to 2.0\u00a0\u03bcm thick. The total width of the wall including vp and the gs was up to 4.0\u00a0\u03bcm. The vp were up to 3.0\u00a0\u03bcm long and most closely resembled \u201ctype 9c.\u201d All sarcocysts were mature and contained numerous 8.1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02.1\u00a0\u03bcm sized bradyzoites. Molecular characterization (at 18S rDNA,\u00a028S rDNA, ITS-1, and cox1) showed the highest affinity for\u00a0S. arctica\u00a0of the Arctic fox (V. lagopus) from Norway. In the present investigation, we provide evidence that sarcocysts are common in tongues of Alaskan Arctic foxes suggesting that these carnivores are serving as intermediate hosts, and we also provide ultrastructure of\u00a0S. arctica\u00a0from the Arctic fox for the first time.",
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