Item talk:Q239011

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{

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   "name": "Toxicity of chromium (VI) to two mussels and an amphipod in water-only exposures with or without a co-stressor of elevated temperature, zinc, or nitrate",
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   "abstract": "The objectives of the present study were to develop methods for propagating western pearlshell (Margaritifera falcata) for laboratory toxicity testing and evaluate acute and chronic toxicity of chromium VI [Cr(VI)] to the pearlshell and a commonly tested mussel (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea at 20\u00a0\u00b0C or in association with a co-stressor of elevated temperature (27\u00a0\u00b0C), zinc (50\u00a0\u00b5g Zn/L), or nitrate (35\u00a0mg NO3/L). A commonly tested invertebrate (amphipod, Hyalella azteca) also was tested in chronic exposures. Newly transformed pearlshell (~1\u00a0week old) were successfully cultured and tested in acute 96\u00a0h Cr exposures (control survival 100%). However, the grow-out of juveniles in culture for chronic toxicity testing was less successful and chronic 28-day Cr toxicity tests started with 4\u00a0month-old pearlshell failed due to low control survival (39\u201368%). Acute median effect concentration (EC50) for the pearlshell (919\u00a0\u00b5g Cr/L) and fatmucket (456\u00a0\u00b5g Cr/L) tested at 20\u00a0\u00b0C without a co-stressor decreased by a factor of > 2 at elevated temperature but did not decrease at elevated Zn or elevated NO3. Chronic 28-day Cr tests were completed successfully with the fatmucket and amphipod (control survival 83\u201398%). Chronic maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for fatmucket at 20\u00a0\u00b0C (26\u00a0\u00b5g Cr/L) decreased by a factor of 2 at elevated temperature or NO3 but did not decrease at elevated Zn. However, chronic MATC for amphipod at 20\u00a0\u00b0C (13\u00a0\u00b5g Cr/L) did not decrease at elevated temperature, Zn, or NO3. Acute EC50s for both mussels tested with or without a co-stressor were above the final acute value used to derive United States Environmental Protection Agency acute water quality criterion (WQC) for Cr(VI); however, chronic MATCs for fatmucket at elevated temperature or NO3 and chronic MATCs for the amphipod at 20\u00a0\u00b0C with or without elevated Zn or NO3 were about equal to the chronic WQC. The results indicate that (1) the elevated temperature increased the acute Cr toxicity to both mussel species, (2) fatmucket was acutely more sensitive to Cr than the pearlshell, (3) elevated temperature or NO3 increased chronic Cr toxicity to fatmucket, and (4) acute WQC are protective of tested mussels with or without a co-stressor; however, the chronic WQC might not protect fatmucket at elevated temperature or NO3 and might not protect the amphipod at 20\u00a0\u00b0C with or without elevated Zn or NO3.",
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