Item talk:Q238539

From geokb

{

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   "@type": "Article",
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   "name": "Organic petrology and geochemistry of Eocene Suzak bituminous marl, north-central Afghanistan: Depositional environment and source rock potential",
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       "value": "10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.02.029",
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   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Marine and Petroleum Geology",
     "volumeNumber": "73",
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   "inLanguage": "en",
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   "datePublished": "2016",
   "dateModified": "2016-09-01",
   "abstract": "Organic geochemistry and petrology of Eocene Suzak bituminous marl outcrop samples from Madr village in north-central Afghanistan were characterized via an integrated analytical approach to evaluate depositional environment and source rock potential. Multiple proxies suggest the organic-rich (TOC \u223c6\u00a0wt.%) bituminous marls are \u2018immature\u2019 for oil generation (e.g., vitrinite Ro\u00a0<\u00a00.4%, Tmax\u00a0<\u00a0425\u00a0\u00b0C, PI\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05, C29 \u03b1\u03b1\u03b1 S/S\u00a0+\u00a0R\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.12, C29 \u03b2\u03b2S/\u03b2\u03b2S+\u03b1\u03b1R\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.10, others), yet oil seeps are present at outcrop and live oil and abundant solid bitumen were observed via optical microscopy. Whole rock sulfur content is \u223c2.3\u00a0wt.% whereas sulfur content is \u223c5.0\u20135.6\u00a0wt.% in whole rock extracts with high polar components, consistent with extraction from S-rich Type IIs organic matter which could generate hydrocarbons at low thermal maturity. Low Fe-sulfide mineral abundance and comparison of Pr/Ph ratios between saturate and whole extracts suggest limited Fe concentration resulted in sulfurization of organic matter during early diagenesis. From these observations, we infer that a Type IIs kerogen in \u2018immature\u2019 bituminous marl at Madr could be generating high sulfur viscous oil which is seeping from outcrop. However, oil-seep samples were not collected for correlation studies. Aluminum-normalized trace element concentrations indicate enrichment of redox sensitive trace elements Mo, U and V and suggest anoxic-euxinic conditions during sediment deposition. The bulk of organic matter observed via optical microscopy is strongly fluorescent amorphous bituminite grading to lamalginite, possibly representing microbial mat facies. Short chain n-alkanes peak at C14\u2013C16 (n-C17/n-C29\u00a0>\u00a01) indicating organic input from marine algae and/or bacterial biomass, and sterane/hopane ratios are low (0.12\u20130.14). Monoaromatic steroids are dominated by C28clearly indicating a marine setting. High gammacerane index values (\u223c0.9) are consistent with anoxia stratification and may indicate intermittent saline-hypersaline conditions. Stable C isotope ratios also suggest a marine depositional scenario for the Suzak samples, consistent with the presence of marine foraminifera including abundant planktic globigerinida(?) and rare benthic discocyclina(?) and nummulites(?). Biomarker 2\u03b1-methylhopane for photosynthetic cyanobacteria implies shallow photic zone deposition of Madr marls and 3\u03b2-methylhopane indicates presence of methanotrophic archaea in the microbial consortium. The data presented herein are consistent with deposition of Suzak bituminous marls in shallow stratified waters of a restricted marine basin associated with the southeastern incipient or proto-Paratethys. Geochemical proxies from Suzak rock extracts (S content, high polar content, C isotopes, normal (\u03b1\u03b1\u03b1R) C27\u201329 steranes, and C29/C30 and C26/C25 hopane ratios) are similar to extant data from Paleogene oils produced to the north in the Afghan-Tajik Basin. This observation may indicate laterally equivalent strata are effective source rocks as suggested by previous workers; however, further work is needed to strengthen oil-source correlations.",
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