Item talk:Q238446

From geokb

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   "abstract": "Knowledge about vegetation and fire history of the mountains of Northern Sicily is scanty. We analysed five sites to fill this gap and used terrestrial plant macrofossils to establish robust radiocarbon chronologies. Palynological records from Gorgo Tondo, Gorgo Lungo, Marcato Cix\u00e9, Urgo Pietra Giordano and Gorgo Pollicino show that under natural or near natural conditions, deciduous forests (Quercus pubescens,\u00a0Q. cerris,\u00a0Fraxinus ornus,\u00a0Ulmus), that included a substantial portion of evergreen broadleaved species (Q. suber,\u00a0Q. ilex,\u00a0Hedera helix), prevailed in the upper meso-mediterranean belt. Mesophilous deciduous and evergreen broadleaved trees (Fagus sylvatica,\u00a0Ilex aquifolium) dominated in the natural or quasi-natural forests of the oro-mediterranean belt. Forests were repeatedly opened for agricultural purposes. Fire activity was closely associated with farming, providing evidence that burning was a primary land use tool since Neolithic times. Land use and fire activity intensified during the Early Neolithic at 5000\u00a0bc, at the onset of the Bronze Age at 2500\u00a0bc\u00a0and at the onset of the Iron Age at 800\u00a0bc. Our data and previous studies suggest that the large majority of open land communities in Sicily, from the coastal lowlands to the mountain areas below the thorny-cushion\u00a0Astragalus\u00a0belt (ca. 1,800\u00a0m a.s.l.), would rapidly develop into forests if land use ceased. Mesophilous\u00a0Fagus-Ilex\u00a0forests developed under warm mid Holocene conditions and were resilient to the combined impacts of humans and climate. The past ecology suggests a resilience of these summer-drought adapted communities to climate warming of about 2\u00a0\u00b0C. Hence, they may be particularly suited to provide heat and drought-adaptedFagus sylvatica\u00a0ecotypes for maintaining drought-sensitive Central European beech forests under global warming conditions.",
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