Item talk:Q238384

From geokb

{

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   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Dominance of 'Gallionella capsiferriformans' and heavy metal association with Gallionella-like stalks in metal-rich pH 6 mine water discharge",
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       "value": "10.1111/gbi.12162",
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     "name": "Geobiology",
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     "issueNumber": "1"
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   "datePublished": "2016",
   "dateModified": "2016-06-14",
   "abstract": "Heavy metal-contaminated, pH 6 mine water discharge created new streams and iron-rich terraces at a creek bank in a former uranium-mining area near Ronneburg, Germany. The transition from microoxic groundwater with ~5\u00a0mm\u00a0Fe(II) to oxic surface water may provide a suitable habitat for microaerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB). In this study, we investigated the potential contribution of these FeOB to iron oxidation and metal retention in this high-metal environment. We (i) identified and quantified FeOB in water and sediment at the outflow, terraces, and creek, (ii) studied the composition of biogenic iron oxides (Gallionella-like twisted stalks) with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) as well as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and (iii) examined the metal distribution in sediments. Using quantitative PCR, a very high abundance of FeOB was demonstrated at all sites over a 6-month study period.\u00a0Gallionella\u00a0spp. clearly dominated the communities, accounting for up to 88% ofBacteria, with a minor contribution of other FeOB such as\u00a0Sideroxydans\u00a0spp. and \u2018Ferrovum myxofaciens\u2019. Classical 16S rRNA gene cloning showed that 96% of the\u00a0Gallionella-related sequences had \u226597% identity to the putatively metal-tolerant \u2018Gallionella capsiferriformans\u00a0ES-2\u2019, in addition to known stalk formers such as\u00a0Gallionella ferruginea\u00a0and\u00a0Gallionellaceae\u00a0strain R-1. Twisted stalks from glass slides incubated in water and sediment were composed of the Fe(III) oxyhydroxide ferrihydrite, as well as polysaccharides. SEM and scanning TEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that stalk material contained Cu and Sn, demonstrating the association of heavy metals with biogenic iron oxides and the potential for metal retention by these stalks. Sequential extraction of sediments suggested that Cu (52\u201361% of total sediment Cu) and other heavy metals were primarily bound to the iron oxide fractions. These results show the importance of \u2018G. capsiferriformans\u2019 and biogenic iron oxides in slightly acidic but highly metal-contaminated freshwater environments.",
   "description": "23 p.",
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