Item talk:Q236982
From geokb
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"name": "Climate remains an important driver of post-European vegetation change in the eastern United States",
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"abstract": "The influence of climate on forest change during the past century in the eastern United States was evaluated in a recent paper (Nowacki & Abrams,\u00a02014) that centers on an increase in \u2018highly competitive mesophytic hardwoods\u2019 (Nowacki & Abrams,\u00a02008) and a concomitant decrease in the more xerophytic\u00a0Quercus\u00a0species. Nowacki & Abrams (2014) concluded that climate change has not contributed significantly to observed changes in forest composition. However, the authors restrict their focus to a single element of climate: increasing temperature since the end of the Little Ice Age ca. 150\u00a0years ago. In their study, species were binned into four classifications (e.g.,\u00a0Acer saccharum\u00a0\u2013 \u2018cool-adapted\u2019,\u00a0Acer rubrum\u00a0\u2013 \u2018warm-adapted\u2019) based on average annual temperature within each species range in the United States, reducing the multifaceted character of climate into a single, categorical measure. The broad temperature classes not only veil the many biologically relevant aspects of temperature (e.g., seasonal and extreme temperatures) but they may also mask other influences, both climatic (e.g., moisture sensitivity) and nonclimatic (e.g., competition).",
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397,
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292,
312,
335,
402,
473,
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592,
596,
600,
604,
608,
644,
675,
679,
764,
768,
776,
780,
784,
788,
813,
835,
859,
863,
867,
871,
905,
961,
970,
974,
978,
982,
986,
1146,
1263,
1267,
1271,
1279,
1331,
1361,
1464,
1503,
1608
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201,
293,
313,
336,
403,
474,
581,
593,
597,
601,
605,
609,
645,
676,
680,
765,
769,
777,
781,
785,
789,
814,
836,
860,
864,
868,
872,
906,
962,
971,
975,
979,
983,
987,
1147,
1264,
1268,
1272,
1280,
1332,
1362,
1465,
1504,
1609
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227,
263
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228,
264
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1564
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211
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339
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532,
553,
792,
1488
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238,
937
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1427
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223,
254
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256
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265,
633,
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797,
833,
854,
1383,
1421
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231
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270,
306
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271,
307,
377,
517,
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1613,
1736
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824,
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1703
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1073
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1329,
1344,
1413
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253
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1032
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289
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261,
530
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262
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305
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272
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310,
1336,
1393
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277,
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278,
1343,
1370,
1412
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1013
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285
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286,
290,
750
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969
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294
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295
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1165,
1318
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301,
1535,
1577,
1679,
1684,
1693
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303,
418
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308,
1392
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309
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311,
834
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314,
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1026
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316,
533,
1292
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318,
491,
883,
954,
1293,
1509,
1601
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319
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321
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323,
357,
521
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324,
1605,
1735
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326
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327,
802,
1017
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328
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329
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332
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333
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1148
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1016,
1130,
1222,
1258,
1304,
1387,
1444,
1559,
1659,
1716,
1734,
1792
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344
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345,
736,
829,
851,
957,
1579,
1629
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348,
407
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349,
408
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350,
409
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351,
782,
786,
865,
869,
873
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838,
874
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354,
840,
876,
1401,
1436
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355
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358
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360
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361
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362,
624,
727,
816
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363,
625,
1006
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364
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365
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368,
1181,
1414
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380,
1374,
1415,
1474,
1626
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370,
487,
569,
1475,
1627
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371,
1375,
1495
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373
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374,
1398
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376
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382,
447
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383
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384
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386,
461,
1044,
1568
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388
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390
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394,
655
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395
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396
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401
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404,
774,
976,
980,
1265,
1269
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405
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410,
610,
790,
988,
1281,
1333,
1466
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411,
1246,
1611
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412
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413
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416,
485,
505,
947
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419,
1602
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421,
497,
890,
1595
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423
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425
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428,
694,
734,
955,
958,
1492,
1686,
1702,
1772
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430,
831,
887,
1630,
1774
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437,
500,
895,
1028
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438
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440
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441
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444
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449,
1811
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451
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452
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454
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455
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456
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458
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460,
1043,
1567
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463,
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464,
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465,
669,
703,
807,
1048,
1186,
1349
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466,
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472,
812,
858
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475
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476,
1003,
1055,
1100,
1481,
1574
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477,
1482
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478
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479
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481
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482,
942
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489
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493,
507
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494
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501
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502
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508,
514,
538,
711,
852,
1005,
1114,
1229,
1306,
1313,
1689
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509
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510,
526
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"establishment,": [
512,
1796
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513
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515
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"species,": [
516,
1533
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518
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519,
567,
1090,
1137,
1162,
1440
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520,
1443,
1473
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522
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527
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528
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"Steven,": [
529
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531
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534
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537,
578,
712,
722,
728
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539,
641,
704
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541,
670,
1573
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544
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546,
1078
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548
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549
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550
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551,
714,
1390,
1457,
1603,
1624,
1803
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555
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556
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557
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558
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560
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561
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562
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"2000).": [
563
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564
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566
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570
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573,
632,
739
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574,
708,
1153,
1291,
1799
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576
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579
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582
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583
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584
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"Pedersen,": [
585
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"1998;": [
586
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"Booth,": [
589
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590
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"Klos": [
591
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"2009;": [
594,
598
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595
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599,
674
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602,
646,
677,
837,
1273
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603
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606,
778,
861,
964,
984,
1277
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607,
643,
981
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611
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613,
794
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618,
666
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620
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621,
939,
1604,
1755
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622,
687
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623
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626
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629,
1300
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630
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631,
660
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636,
1632
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637,
798,
1546
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638,
917,
1298,
1337,
1711
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647,
1274,
1284
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649,
1276
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650
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652
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653,
1221,
1590
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656
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658
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659,
941
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663
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664
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665
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672
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678
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681
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683
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685
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686,
1452,
1754
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688,
1756
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689
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691
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696,
737
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699
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700
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702
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705,
821,
1739
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706
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707
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709
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710
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713
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715
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716,
729,
1710
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717
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723
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724
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726
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732
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733
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741
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742
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743
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744
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"Lyon,": [
745
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746
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747
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748
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"Cook,": [
749
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751,
965
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"Cleaveland,": [
753,
967
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"1992;": [
754,
968
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755
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"1997;": [
758
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"Rubino": [
759
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"McCarthy,": [
761
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"Tardif": [
763
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"2006;": [
766
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"Kardol": [
767
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"2010;": [
770,
972
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771
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"Terrell,": [
773
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775
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"Brzostek": [
779,
862
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"Clark": [
783,
866
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"Voelker": [
787
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"Even": [
791
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"settings": [
795
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796
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801
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803
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805
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"timescales": [
806
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"last": [
809
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"200": [
810
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"2012).": [
815
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817
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"like": [
818
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822,
1149
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"tulipifera,": [
823
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828,
899,
1001,
1351
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"accepted).": [
841,
1402,
1437
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"comparison": [
843
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"Quercus,": [
845
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849
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"Maxwell": [
870
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"accepted": [
877
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879
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"revision).": [
880
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881
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"strongest": [
885
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886
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"America,": [
896
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900
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903
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904
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910
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916,
951
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"present,": [
924
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930
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933
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940
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950
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953
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956,
1783
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959,
1324,
1365,
1409
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960
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963
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973
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977,
1360
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985
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990
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991
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993
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996
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999
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1002
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1004
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1007
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1008
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1009
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1010
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1019
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1022
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1023
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1025
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1029
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1030
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1031
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1034
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1035
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1036
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1038
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1056,
1575
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1058
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1060
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1062
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1063
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1068
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1071,
1391
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1074
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1075
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1077
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1079,
1470,
1552
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1082
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1083,
1297
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1084
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1085
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"1980s),": [
1087
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1089
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1093
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1096
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1099,
1380
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1101
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1102,
1744
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1103
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1104
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1108,
1757,
1778
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1109,
1499
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1112,
1439
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1113
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1115,
1192
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1116
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1120,
1131
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1121
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1123
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1125
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1126
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1133
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1134
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1135
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"(Abrams,": [
1138
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1139
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1140
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1141
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"Midgley,": [
1143
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1144
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1145
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"tulipifera": [
1150
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"experienced": [
1151,
1322
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"higher": [
1152
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"than": [
1154,
1394
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"short,": [
1158
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1160,
1451
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"1980s": [
1161
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"(Elliott": [
1168
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"Swank,": [
1170
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"1994).": [
1171
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1172
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"strong": [
1174
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1175
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"confer": [
1182
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1185
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1191
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1200
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1201,
1476,
1622
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1203
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1205
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1212
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1214,
1500,
1524
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"so": [
1218
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"far,": [
1219
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"opposite.": [
1223
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1224
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1226
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1228
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1230,
1256
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1581,
1779
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1234
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1235
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1238,
1516,
1620,
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1245
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1247,
1612
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1251
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1253
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