Item talk:Q236903
From geokb
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"abstract": "Estimates of magnitudes of large historical earthquakes are an essential input to and can seriously affect seismic\u2010hazard estimates. The earthquake\u2010intensity observations, modified Mercalli intensities (MMI), and assigned magnitudes\u00a0Mof the 1811\u20131812 New Madrid events have been reinterpreted several times in the last decade and have been a source of controversy in making seismic\u2010hazard estimates in the central United States. Observations support the concept that the larger the earthquake, the greater the maximum\u2010felt distance. For the same crustal attenuation and local soil conditions, magnitude should be the main influence on intensity values at large distances. We apply this concept by comparing the mean MMI at distances of 600\u20131200\u00a0km for each of the four largest New Madrid 1811\u20131812 earthquakes, the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake, the 1929\u00a0M\u00a07.2 Grand Banks earthquake, and the 2001M\u00a07.6 Bhuj, India, earthquake. We fit the intensity observations using the form MMI=A+C\u00d7dist\u22120.8\u00d7log(dist) to better define intensity attenuation in eastern North America (ENA). The intensity attenuation in cratonic India differs from ENA and is corrected to ENA using both the above estimate and published intensity relations. We evaluate source, marine geophysical,\u00a0Q, and stress\u2010drop information, as well as a 1929 Milne\u2013Shaw record at Chicago to confirm that the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake occurred in ENA crust. Our direct comparison of mean intensities beyond 600\u00a0km suggests\u00a0M\u00a07.5, 7.3, 7.7, and 6.9 for the three New Madrid 1811\u20131812 mainshocks and the largest aftershock and\u00a0M\u00a07.0 for the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake, with an estimated uncertainty of 0.3 units at the 95% confidence level (based on a Monte Carlo analysis). Our mean New Madrid and Charleston mainshock magnitudes are similar to those of\u00a0Bakun and Hopper (2004)\u00a0and are much higher than those of\u00a0Hough and Page (2011)\u00a0for New Madrid.",
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