Item talk:Q235671

From geokb

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "The genetics of amphibian decline: population substructure and molecular differentiation in the Yosemite toad, Bufo canorus (Anura, Bufonidae) based on single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "1008376",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/1008376"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 1008376
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00835.x",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00835.x"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Molecular Ecology",
     "volumeNumber": "9",
     "issueNumber": "3"
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Molecular Ecology"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2000",
   "dateModified": "2016-09-30",
   "abstract": "We present a comprehensive survey of genetic variation across the range of the narrowly distributed endemic Yosemite toad Bufo canorus, a declining amphibian restricted to the Sierra Nevada of California. Based on 322\u00a0bp of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence data, we found limited support for the monophyly of B. canorus and its closely related congener B. exsul to the exclusion of the widespread western toad B. boreas. However, B. exsul was always phylogenetically nested within B. canorus, suggesting that the latter may not be monophyletic. SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism) analysis of 372 individual B. canorus from 28 localities in Yosemite and Kings Canyon National Parks revealed no shared haplotypes among these two regions and lead us to interpret these two parks as distinct management units for B. canorus. Within Yosemite, we found significant genetic substructure both at the level of major drainages and among breeding ponds. Kings Canyon samples show a different pattern, with substantial variation among breeding sites, but no substructure among drainages. Across the range of B. canorus as well as among Yosemite ponds, we found an isolation-by-distance pattern suggestive of a stepping stone model of migration. However, in Kings Canyon we found no hint of such a pattern, suggesting that movement patterns of toads may be quite different in these nearby parklands. Our data imply that management for B. canorus should focus at the individual pond level, and effective management may necessitate reintroductions if local extirpations occur. A brief review of other pond-breeding anurans suggests that highly structured populations are often the case, and thus that our results for B. canorus may be general for other species of frogs and toads.",
   "description": "13 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "Wiley"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Shaffer, H. Bradley",
       "givenName": "H. Bradley",
       "familyName": "Shaffer"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Magee, Allison",
       "givenName": "Allison",
       "familyName": "Magee"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Fellers, Gary M. gary_fellers@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Gary M.",
       "familyName": "Fellers",
       "email": "gary_fellers@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0003-4092-0285",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Western Ecological Research Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/werc"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Voss, S. Randal",
       "givenName": "S. Randal",
       "familyName": "Voss"
     }
   ],
   "funder": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Western Ecological Research Center",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/werc"
     }
   ]
 },
 "OpenAlex": {
   "abstract_inverted_index": {
     "We": [
       0
     ],
     "present": [
       1
     ],
     "a": [
       2,
       20,
       150,
       183,
       199
     ],
     "comprehensive": [
       3
     ],
     "survey": [
       4
     ],
     "of": [
       5,
       11,
       28,
       34,
       47,
       60,
       90,
       139,
       167,
       182,
       187,
       197,
       205,
       243,
       270
     ],
     "genetic": [
       6,
       133
     ],
     "variation": [
       7,
       155
     ],
     "across": [
       8
     ],
     "the": [
       9,
       12,
       25,
       45,
       58,
       61,
       79,
       137,
       165,
       226,
       254
     ],
     "range": [
       10,
       166
     ],
     "narrowly": [
       13
     ],
     "distributed": [
       14
     ],
     "endemic": [
       15
     ],
     "Yosemite": [
       16,
       99,
       174
     ],
     "toad": [
       17,
       64
     ],
     "Bufo": [
       18
     ],
     "canorus,": [
       19,
       76
     ],
     "declining": [
       21
     ],
     "amphibian": [
       22
     ],
     "restricted": [
       23
     ],
     "to": [
       24,
       57,
       116
     ],
     "Sierra": [
       26
     ],
     "Nevada": [
       27
     ],
     "California.": [
       29
     ],
     "Based": [
       30
     ],
     "on": [
       31
     ],
     "322": [
       32
     ],
     "bp": [
       33
     ],
     "mitochondrial": [
       35
     ],
     "cytochrome": [
       36
     ],
     "b": [
       37
     ],
     "sequence": [
       38
     ],
     "data,": [
       39
     ],
     "we": [
       40,
       130,
       176,
       193
     ],
     "found": [
       41,
       131,
       177,
       194
     ],
     "limited": [
       42
     ],
     "support": [
       43
     ],
     "for": [
       44,
       125,
       220,
       261,
       267
     ],
     "monophyly": [
       46
     ],
     "B.": [
       48,
       55,
       65,
       68,
       75,
       93,
       126,
       168,
       221,
       262
     ],
     "canorus": [
       49,
       94,
       169,
       222,
       263
     ],
     "and": [
       50,
       100,
       113,
       142,
       230,
       256,
       272
     ],
     "its": [
       51
     ],
     "closely": [
       52
     ],
     "related": [
       53
     ],
     "congener": [
       54
     ],
     "exsul": [
       56,
       69
     ],
     "exclusion": [
       59
     ],
     "widespread": [
       62
     ],
     "western": [
       63
     ],
     "boreas.": [
       66
     ],
     "However,": [
       67,
       189
     ],
     "was": [
       70
     ],
     "always": [
       71
     ],
     "phylogenetically": [
       72
     ],
     "nested": [
       73
     ],
     "within": [
       74
     ],
     "suggesting": [
       77,
       201
     ],
     "that": [
       78,
       202,
       218,
       248,
       258
     ],
     "latter": [
       80
     ],
     "may": [
       81,
       207,
       233,
       264
     ],
     "not": [
       82
     ],
     "be": [
       83,
       208,
       265
     ],
     "monophyletic.": [
       84
     ],
     "SSCP": [
       85
     ],
     "(single-strand": [
       86
     ],
     "conformation": [
       87
     ],
     "polymorphism)": [
       88
     ],
     "analysis": [
       89
     ],
     "372": [
       91
     ],
     "individual": [
       92,
       227
     ],
     "from": [
       95
     ],
     "28": [
       96
     ],
     "localities": [
       97
     ],
     "in": [
       98,
       190,
       211
     ],
     "Kings": [
       101,
       146,
       191
     ],
     "Canyon": [
       102,
       147,
       192
     ],
     "National": [
       103
     ],
     "Parks": [
       104
     ],
     "revealed": [
       105
     ],
     "no": [
       106,
       160,
       195
     ],
     "shared": [
       107
     ],
     "haplotypes": [
       108
     ],
     "among": [
       109,
       143,
       156,
       162,
       173
     ],
     "these": [
       110,
       118,
       212
     ],
     "two": [
       111,
       119
     ],
     "regions": [
       112
     ],
     "lead": [
       114
     ],
     "us": [
       115
     ],
     "interpret": [
       117
     ],
     "parks": [
       120
     ],
     "as": [
       121,
       170,
       172
     ],
     "distinct": [
       122
     ],
     "management": [
       123,
       219,
       232
     ],
     "units": [
       124
     ],
     "canorus.": [
       127
     ],
     "Within": [
       128
     ],
     "Yosemite,": [
       129
     ],
     "significant": [
       132
     ],
     "substructure": [
       134,
       161
     ],
     "both": [
       135
     ],
     "at": [
       136,
       225
     ],
     "level": [
       138
     ],
     "major": [
       140
     ],
     "drainages": [
       141
     ],
     "breeding": [
       144,
       157
     ],
     "ponds.": [
       145
     ],
     "samples": [
       148
     ],
     "show": [
       149
     ],
     "different": [
       151,
       210
     ],
     "pattern,": [
       152,
       200
     ],
     "with": [
       153
     ],
     "substantial": [
       154
     ],
     "sites,": [
       158
     ],
     "but": [
       159
     ],
     "drainages.": [
       163
     ],
     "Across": [
       164
     ],
     "well": [
       171
     ],
     "ponds,": [
       175
     ],
     "an": [
       178
     ],
     "isolation-by-distance": [
       179
     ],
     "pattern": [
       180
     ],
     "suggestive": [
       181
     ],
     "stepping": [
       184
     ],
     "stone": [
       185
     ],
     "model": [
       186
     ],
     "migration.": [
       188
     ],
     "hint": [
       196
     ],
     "such": [
       198
     ],
     "movement": [
       203
     ],
     "patterns": [
       204
     ],
     "toads": [
       206
     ],
     "quite": [
       209
     ],
     "nearby": [
       213
     ],
     "parklands.": [
       214
     ],
     "Our": [
       215
     ],
     "data": [
       216
     ],
     "imply": [
       217
     ],
     "should": [
       223
     ],
     "focus": [
       224
     ],
     "pond": [
       228
     ],
     "level,": [
       229
     ],
     "effective": [
       231
     ],
     "necessitate": [
       234
     ],
     "reintroductions": [
       235
     ],
     "if": [
       236
     ],
     "local": [
       237
     ],
     "extirpations": [
       238
     ],
     "occur.": [
       239
     ],
     "A": [
       240
     ],
     "brief": [
       241
     ],
     "review": [
       242
     ],
     "other": [
       244,
       268
     ],
     "pond-breeding": [
       245
     ],
     "anurans": [
       246
     ],
     "suggests": [
       247
     ],
     "highly": [
       249
     ],
     "structured": [
       250
     ],
     "populations": [
       251
     ],
     "are": [
       252
     ],
     "often": [
       253
     ],
     "case,": [
       255
     ],
     "thus": [
       257
     ],
     "our": [
       259
     ],
     "results": [
       260
     ],
     "general": [
       266
     ],
     "species": [
       269
     ],
     "frogs": [
       271
     ],
     "toads.": [
       273
     ]
   },
   "apc_list": {
     "value": 4940,
     "currency": "USD",
     "value_usd": 4940,
     "provenance": "doaj"
   },
   "apc_paid": null,
   "authorships": [
     {
       "author_position": "first",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5024775893",
         "display_name": "H. Bradley Shaffer",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5795-9242"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I84218800",
           "display_name": "University of California, Davis",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/05rrcem69",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I84218800"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": true,
       "raw_author_name": "H. Bradley Shaffer",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Section of Evolution and Ecology, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616,"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Section of Evolution and Ecology, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616,",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I84218800"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5013317039",
         "display_name": "Gary M. Fellers",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I4210143030",
           "display_name": "Bear Valley",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03gy9dj46",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "healthcare",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I4210143030"
           ]
         },
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Gary M. Fellers",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Point Reyes National Seashore, Point Reyes, CA 94956,"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Point Reyes National Seashore, Point Reyes, CA 94956,",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I4210143030",
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5020006983",
         "display_name": "Allison Magee",
         "orcid": null
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I84218800",
           "display_name": "University of California, Davis",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/05rrcem69",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I84218800"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Allison Magee",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Section of Evolution and Ecology, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616,"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Section of Evolution and Ecology, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616,",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I84218800"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "last",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5061975048",
         "display_name": "S. Randal Voss",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8332-3176"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I84218800",
           "display_name": "University of California, Davis",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/05rrcem69",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I84218800"
           ]
         },
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I92446798",
           "display_name": "Colorado State University",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/03k1gpj17",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "education",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I4210131357",
             "https://openalex.org/I92446798"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "S. Randal Voss",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523",
         "Section of Evolution and Ecology, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616,"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Section of Evolution and Ecology, and Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616,",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I84218800"
           ]
         },
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I92446798"
           ]
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "best_oa_location": null,
   "biblio": {
     "volume": "9",
     "issue": "3",
     "first_page": "245",
     "last_page": "257"
   },
   "citation_normalized_percentile": {
     "value": 0.90212,
     "is_in_top_1_percent": false,
     "is_in_top_10_percent": true
   },
   "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2136276386",
   "cited_by_count": 106,
   "cited_by_percentile_year": {
     "min": 96,
     "max": 97
   },
   "concepts": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420",
       "display_name": "Biology",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.8795594
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C12326286",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210958",
       "display_name": "Monophyly",
       "level": 5,
       "score": 0.64746195
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C148292235",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3774486",
       "display_name": "Cytochrome b",
       "level": 4,
       "score": 0.5464122
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150",
       "display_name": "Ecology",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.48575288
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C204323151",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424",
       "display_name": "Range (aeronautics)",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.47091457
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C90856448",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431",
       "display_name": "Zoology",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.4492237
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781465898",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10908",
       "display_name": "Amphibian",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.4303975
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777836633",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639022",
       "display_name": "Bufo",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.4225433
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C193252679",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242125",
       "display_name": "Phylogenetic tree",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.30308723
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778166480",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453151",
       "display_name": "Toad",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.26245087
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C44465124",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q713623",
       "display_name": "Clade",
       "level": 4,
       "score": 0.12590575
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C54355233",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162",
       "display_name": "Genetics",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.07771063
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736",
       "display_name": "Materials science",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.0
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C104317684",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187",
       "display_name": "Gene",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.0
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C159985019",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790",
       "display_name": "Composite material",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0
     }
   ],
   "corresponding_author_ids": [
     "https://openalex.org/A5024775893"
   ],
   "corresponding_institution_ids": [
     "https://openalex.org/I84218800"
   ],
   "countries_distinct_count": 1,
   "counts_by_year": [
     {
       "year": 2024,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     },
     {
       "year": 2022,
       "cited_by_count": 3
     },
     {
       "year": 2021,
       "cited_by_count": 2
     },
     {
       "year": 2020,
       "cited_by_count": 4
     },
     {
       "year": 2019,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     },
     {
       "year": 2018,
       "cited_by_count": 2
     },
     {
       "year": 2017,
       "cited_by_count": 6
     },
     {
       "year": 2015,
       "cited_by_count": 2
     },
     {
       "year": 2014,
       "cited_by_count": 2
     },
     {
       "year": 2013,
       "cited_by_count": 5
     },
     {
       "year": 2012,
       "cited_by_count": 7
     }
   ],
   "created_date": "2016-06-24",
   "datasets": [],
   "display_name": "The genetics of amphibian declines: population substructure and molecular differentiation in the Yosemite Toad, Bufo canorus (Anura, Bufonidae) based on single\u2010strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data",
   "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00835.x",
   "fulltext_origin": "ngrams",
   "fwci": 5.643,
   "grants": [],
   "has_fulltext": true,
   "id": "https://openalex.org/W2136276386",
   "ids": {
     "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2136276386",
     "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00835.x",
     "mag": "2136276386",
     "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10736023"
   },
   "indexed_in": [
     "crossref",
     "pubmed"
   ],
   "institutions_distinct_count": 4,
   "is_paratext": false,
   "is_retracted": false,
   "keywords": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/monophyly",
       "display_name": "Monophyly",
       "score": 0.64746195
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-evolution",
       "display_name": "Adaptive Evolution",
       "score": 0.494214
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/bufo",
       "display_name": "Bufo",
       "score": 0.4225433
     }
   ],
   "language": "en",
   "locations": [
     {
       "is_oa": false,
       "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00835.x",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S22454499",
         "display_name": "Molecular Ecology",
         "issn_l": "0962-1083",
         "issn": [
           "0962-1083",
           "1365-294X"
         ],
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": true,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595",
         "host_organization_name": "Wiley",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/P4310320595"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "Wiley"
         ],
         "type": "journal"
       },
       "license": null,
       "license_id": null,
       "version": null,
       "is_accepted": false,
       "is_published": false
     },
     {
       "is_oa": false,
       "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10736023",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
         "display_name": "PubMed",
         "issn_l": null,
         "issn": null,
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": false,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238",
         "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/I1299303238"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "National Institutes of Health"
         ],
         "type": "repository"
       },
       "license": null,
       "license_id": null,
       "version": null,
       "is_accepted": false,
       "is_published": false
     }
   ],
   "locations_count": 2,
   "mesh": [
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D002025",
       "descriptor_name": "Bufonidae",
       "qualifier_ui": "Q000235",
       "qualifier_name": "genetics",
       "is_major_topic": true
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D000818",
       "descriptor_name": "Animals",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D001483",
       "descriptor_name": "Base Sequence",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D002025",
       "descriptor_name": "Bufonidae",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D002140",
       "descriptor_name": "California",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D017931",
       "descriptor_name": "DNA Primers",
       "qualifier_ui": "Q000235",
       "qualifier_name": "genetics",
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D017931",
       "descriptor_name": "DNA Primers",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D004272",
       "descriptor_name": "DNA, Mitochondrial",
       "qualifier_ui": "Q000235",
       "qualifier_name": "genetics",
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D004272",
       "descriptor_name": "DNA, Mitochondrial",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D017753",
       "descriptor_name": "Ecosystem",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D019143",
       "descriptor_name": "Evolution, Molecular",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D005828",
       "descriptor_name": "Genetics, Population",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D006239",
       "descriptor_name": "Haplotypes",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     },
     {
       "descriptor_ui": "D018807",
       "descriptor_name": "Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational",
       "qualifier_ui": "",
       "qualifier_name": null,
       "is_major_topic": false
     }
   ],
   "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W2136276386/ngrams",
   "open_access": {
     "is_oa": false,
     "oa_status": "closed",
     "oa_url": null,
     "any_repository_has_fulltext": false
   },
   "primary_location": {
     "is_oa": false,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00835.x",
     "pdf_url": null,
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S22454499",
       "display_name": "Molecular Ecology",
       "issn_l": "0962-1083",
       "issn": [
         "0962-1083",
         "1365-294X"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": true,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320595",
       "host_organization_name": "Wiley",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310320595"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "Wiley"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": null,
     "license_id": null,
     "version": null,
     "is_accepted": false,
     "is_published": false
   },
   "primary_topic": {
     "id": "https://openalex.org/T10332",
     "display_name": "Global Amphibian Declines and Extinctions",
     "score": 0.9999,
     "subfield": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306",
       "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"
     },
     "field": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
       "display_name": "Environmental Science"
     },
     "domain": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
       "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
     }
   },
   "publication_date": "2000-03-01",
   "publication_year": 2000,
   "referenced_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W146734964",
     "https://openalex.org/W1532023965",
     "https://openalex.org/W156146614",
     "https://openalex.org/W1895131649",
     "https://openalex.org/W1919772617",
     "https://openalex.org/W1974744321",
     "https://openalex.org/W1977325489",
     "https://openalex.org/W1989410436",
     "https://openalex.org/W1997455669",
     "https://openalex.org/W2001390190",
     "https://openalex.org/W2004511652",
     "https://openalex.org/W2008235192",
     "https://openalex.org/W2012018966",
     "https://openalex.org/W2025266725",
     "https://openalex.org/W2037268137",
     "https://openalex.org/W2038540439",
     "https://openalex.org/W2042794709",
     "https://openalex.org/W204725043",
     "https://openalex.org/W2051030133",
     "https://openalex.org/W2063189291",
     "https://openalex.org/W2069958001",
     "https://openalex.org/W2079993182",
     "https://openalex.org/W2080925257",
     "https://openalex.org/W2089923859",
     "https://openalex.org/W2094387116",
     "https://openalex.org/W2106882534",
     "https://openalex.org/W2108294012",
     "https://openalex.org/W2117012882",
     "https://openalex.org/W2122286614",
     "https://openalex.org/W2159422098",
     "https://openalex.org/W2162530050",
     "https://openalex.org/W2281691555",
     "https://openalex.org/W2319653188",
     "https://openalex.org/W2323468677",
     "https://openalex.org/W2335337384",
     "https://openalex.org/W3185630090",
     "https://openalex.org/W4301007136"
   ],
   "referenced_works_count": 37,
   "related_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W3197908689",
     "https://openalex.org/W3034981869",
     "https://openalex.org/W2985020337",
     "https://openalex.org/W2944384589",
     "https://openalex.org/W2283975041",
     "https://openalex.org/W2182708779",
     "https://openalex.org/W2065863902",
     "https://openalex.org/W2063214922",
     "https://openalex.org/W2002126239",
     "https://openalex.org/W1929964674"
   ],
   "sustainable_development_goals": [
     {
       "score": 0.5,
       "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15",
       "display_name": "Life on land"
     }
   ],
   "title": "The genetics of amphibian declines: population substructure and molecular differentiation in the Yosemite Toad, Bufo canorus (Anura, Bufonidae) based on single\u2010strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) and mitochondrial DNA sequence data",
   "topics": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10332",
       "display_name": "Global Amphibian Declines and Extinctions",
       "score": 0.9999,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306",
         "display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
         "display_name": "Environmental Science"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10012",
       "display_name": "Population Genetic Structure and Dynamics",
       "score": 0.9988,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1311",
         "display_name": "Genetics"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/13",
         "display_name": "Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1",
         "display_name": "Life Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10174",
       "display_name": "Evolutionary Ecology of Animal Behavior and Traits",
       "score": 0.9964,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1105",
         "display_name": "Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11",
         "display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1",
         "display_name": "Life Sciences"
       }
     }
   ],
   "type": "article",
   "type_crossref": "journal-article",
   "updated_date": "2024-08-14T02:04:47.726262",
   "versions": []
 }

}