Item talk:Q235041

From geokb

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   "name": "On- and off-fault deformation associated with the September 2013 Mw7.7 Balochistan earthquake: Implications for geologic slip rate measurements",
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   "abstract": "The 24 September 2013 Mw7.7 Balochistan, Pakistan earthquake ruptured a ~\u00a0200\u00a0km-long stretch of the Hoshab fault in southern Pakistan and produced the second-largest lateral surface displacement observed for a continental strike-slip earthquake. We remotely measured surface deformation associated with this event using high-resolution (0.5\u00a0m) pre- and post-event satellite optical imagery. We document left lateral, near-field, on-fault offsets (10\u00a0m from fault) using 309 laterally offset piercing points, such as streams, terrace risers, and roads. Peak near-field displacement is 13.6 +\u00a02.5/\u2212\u00a03.4\u00a0m. We characterize off-fault deformation by measuring medium- (<\u00a0350\u00a0m from fault) and far-field (>\u00a0350\u00a0m from fault) displacement using manual (259 measurements) and automated image cross-correlation methods, respectively. Off-fault peak lateral displacement values are ~\u00a015\u00a0m and exceed on-fault displacement magnitudes for ~\u00a085% of the rupture length. Our observations suggest that for this rupture, coseismic surface displacement typically increases with distance away from the surface trace of the fault; however, nearly 100% of total surface displacement occurs within a few hundred meters of the primary fault trace. Furthermore, off-fault displacement accounts for, on average, 28% of the total displacement but exhibits a highly heterogeneous along-strike pattern. The best agreement between near-field and far-field displacements generally corresponds to the narrowest fault zone widths. Our analysis demonstrates significant and heterogeneous mismatches between on- and off-fault coseismic deformation, and we conclude that this phenomenon should be considered in hazard models based on geologically determined on-fault slip rates.",
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