Item talk:Q234823
From geokb
{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"additionalType": "Journal Article",
"name": "Impact of wastewater infrastructure upgrades on the urban water cycle: Reduction in halogenated reaction byproducts following conversion from chlorine gas to ultraviolet light disinfection",
"identifier": [
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
"value": "70180992",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70180992"
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
"value": 70180992
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112"
}
],
"journal": {
"@type": "Periodical",
"name": "Science of the Total Environment",
"volumeNumber": "529",
"issueNumber": null
},
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": [
{
"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
"name": "Science of the Total Environment"
}
],
"datePublished": "2015",
"dateModified": "2018-09-12",
"abstract": "The municipal wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) infrastructure of the United States is being upgraded to expand capacity and improve treatment, which provides opportunities to assess the impact of full-scale operational changes on water quality. Many WWTFs disinfect their effluent prior to discharge using chlorine gas, which reacts with natural and synthetic organic matter to form halogenated disinfection byproducts (HDBPs). Because HDBPs are ubiquitous in chlorine-disinfected drinking water and have adverse human health implications, their concentrations are regulated in potable water supplies. Less is known about the formation and occurrence of HDBPs in disinfected WWTF effluents that are discharged to surface waters and become part of the de facto wastewater reuse cycle. This study investigated HDBPs in the urban water cycle from the stream source of the chlorinated municipal tap water that comprises the WWTF inflow, to the final WWTF effluent disinfection process before discharge back to the stream. The impact of conversion from chlorine-gas to low-pressure ultraviolet light (UV) disinfection at a full-scale (68,000\u00a0m3\u00a0d\u22121 design flow) WWTF on HDBP concentrations in the final effluent was assessed, as was transport and attenuation in the receiving stream. Nutrients and trace elements (boron, copper, and uranium) were used to characterize the different urban source waters, and indicated that the pre-upgrade and post-upgrade water chemistry was similar and insensitive to the disinfection process. Chlorinated tap water during the pre-upgrade and post-upgrade samplings contained 11 (mean total concentration\u00a0=\u00a02.7\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0L\u22121; n=5) and 10 HDBPs (mean total concentration\u00a0=\u00a04.5\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0L\u22121), respectively. Under chlorine-gas disinfection conditions 13 HDBPs (mean total concentration\u00a0=\u00a01.4\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0L\u22121) were detected in the WWTF effluent, whereas under UV disinfection conditions, only one HDBP was detected. The chlorinated WWTF effluent had greater relative proportions of nitrogenous, brominated, and iodinated HDBPs than the chlorinated tap water. Conversion of the WWTF to UV disinfection reduced the loading of HDBPs to the receiving stream by >90%.",
"description": "11 p.",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Elsevier B.V."
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Barber, Larry B. lbbarber@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Larry B.",
"familyName": "Barber",
"email": "lbbarber@usgs.gov",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0002-0561-0831",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "National Research Program - Central Branch",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/arizona-water-science-center"
},
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "National Research Program - Western Branch",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/arizona-water-science-center"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Hladik, Michelle mhladik@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Michelle",
"familyName": "Hladik",
"email": "mhladik@usgs.gov",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0002-0891-2712",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "California Water Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Vajda, Alan M.",
"givenName": "Alan M.",
"familyName": "Vajda"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Fitzgerald, Kevin C. kcfitzgerald@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "Kevin C.",
"familyName": "Fitzgerald",
"email": "kcfitzgerald@usgs.gov",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Branch of Regional Research-Central Region",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Douville, Chris",
"givenName": "Chris",
"familyName": "Douville"
}
],
"funder": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "California Water Science Center",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center"
},
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Toxic Substances Hydrology Program",
"url": null
},
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "National Research Program - Central Branch",
"url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/arizona-water-science-center"
}
]
},
"OpenAlex": {
"abstract_inverted_index": {
"The": [
0,
148,
274
],
"municipal": [
1,
127
],
"wastewater": [
2,
108
],
"treatment": [
3
],
"facility": [
4
],
"(WWTF)": [
5
],
"infrastructure": [
6
],
"of": [
7,
27,
89,
104,
124,
150,
282,
294,
303
],
"the": [
8,
25,
85,
105,
116,
121,
125,
132,
136,
146,
173,
184,
199,
207,
218,
225,
261,
289,
295,
301,
306
],
"United": [
9
],
"States": [
10
],
"is": [
11,
82
],
"being": [
12
],
"upgraded": [
13
],
"to": [
14,
23,
40,
53,
98,
135,
145,
154,
197,
217,
297,
305
],
"expand": [
15
],
"capacity": [
16
],
"and": [
17,
49,
67,
87,
101,
181,
188,
193,
204,
209,
215,
227,
238,
285
],
"improve": [
18
],
"treatment,": [
19
],
"which": [
20,
45
],
"provides": [
21
],
"opportunities": [
22
],
"assess": [
24
],
"impact": [
26,
149
],
"full-scale": [
28,
162
],
"operational": [
29
],
"changes": [
30
],
"on": [
31,
169
],
"water": [
32,
66,
79,
118,
129,
211,
223
],
"quality.": [
33
],
"Many": [
34
],
"WWTFs": [
35
],
"disinfect": [
36
],
"their": [
37,
73
],
"effluent": [
38,
139,
175,
277
],
"prior": [
39
],
"discharge": [
41,
143
],
"using": [
42
],
"chlorine": [
43
],
"gas,": [
44
],
"reacts": [
46
],
"with": [
47
],
"natural": [
48
],
"synthetic": [
50
],
"organic": [
51
],
"matter": [
52
],
"form": [
54
],
"halogenated": [
55
],
"disinfection": [
56,
140,
159,
219,
249,
267,
299
],
"byproducts": [
57
],
"(HDBPs).": [
58
],
"Because": [
59
],
"HDBPs": [
60,
90,
114,
240,
252,
287,
304
],
"are": [
61,
75,
96
],
"ubiquitous": [
62
],
"in": [
63,
77,
91,
115,
172,
183,
260
],
"chlorine-disinfected": [
64
],
"drinking": [
65
],
"have": [
68
],
"adverse": [
69
],
"human": [
70
],
"health": [
71
],
"implications,": [
72
],
"concentrations": [
74,
171
],
"regulated": [
76
],
"potable": [
78
],
"supplies.": [
80
],
"Less": [
81
],
"known": [
83
],
"about": [
84
],
"formation": [
86
],
"occurrence": [
88
],
"disinfected": [
92
],
"WWTF": [
93,
133,
138,
168,
262,
276,
296
],
"effluents": [
94
],
"that": [
95,
130,
206
],
"discharged": [
97
],
"surface": [
99
],
"waters": [
100
],
"become": [
102
],
"part": [
103
],
"de": [
106
],
"facto": [
107
],
"reuse": [
109
],
"cycle.": [
110
],
"This": [
111
],
"study": [
112
],
"investigated": [
113
],
"urban": [
117,
201
],
"cycle": [
119
],
"from": [
120,
152
],
"stream": [
122,
308
],
"source": [
123,
202
],
"chlorinated": [
126,
275,
290
],
"tap": [
128,
222,
291
],
"comprises": [
131
],
"inflow,": [
134
],
"final": [
137,
174
],
"process": [
141
],
"before": [
142
],
"back": [
144
],
"stream.": [
147,
186
],
"conversion": [
151
],
"chlorine-gas": [
153,
248
],
"low-pressure": [
155
],
"ultraviolet": [
156
],
"light": [
157
],
"(UV)": [
158
],
"at": [
160
],
"a": [
161
],
"(68,000": [
163
],
"m(3)": [
164
],
"d(-1)": [
165
],
"design": [
166
],
"flow)": [
167
],
"HDBP": [
170,
271
],
"was": [
176,
179,
213,
272
],
"assessed,": [
177
],
"as": [
178
],
"transport": [
180
],
"attenuation": [
182
],
"receiving": [
185,
307
],
"Nutrients": [
187
],
"trace": [
189
],
"elements": [
190
],
"(boron,": [
191
],
"copper,": [
192
],
"uranium)": [
194
],
"were": [
195,
258
],
"used": [
196
],
"characterize": [
198
],
"different": [
200
],
"waters,": [
203
],
"indicated": [
205
],
"pre-upgrade": [
208,
226
],
"post-upgrade": [
210,
228
],
"chemistry": [
212
],
"similar": [
214
],
"insensitive": [
216
],
"process.": [
220
],
"Chlorinated": [
221
],
"during": [
224
],
"samplings": [
229
],
"contained": [
230
],
"11": [
231
],
"(mean": [
232,
241,
253
],
"total": [
233,
242,
254
],
"concentration=2.7": [
234
],
"\u03bcg": [
235,
244,
256
],
"L(-1);": [
236
],
"n=5)": [
237
],
"10": [
239
],
"concentration=4.5": [
243
],
"L(-1)),": [
245
],
"respectively.": [
246
],
"Under": [
247
],
"conditions": [
250
],
"13": [
251
],
"concentration=1.4": [
255
],
"L(-1))": [
257
],
"detected": [
259
],
"effluent,": [
263
],
"whereas": [
264
],
"under": [
265
],
"UV": [
266,
298
],
"conditions,": [
268
],
"only": [
269
],
"one": [
270
],
"detected.": [
273
],
"had": [
278
],
"greater": [
279
],
"relative": [
280
],
"proportions": [
281
],
"nitrogenous,": [
283
],
"brominated,": [
284
],
"iodinated": [
286
],
"than": [
288
],
"water.": [
292
],
"Conversion": [
293
],
"reduced": [
300
],
"loading": [
302
],
"by": [
309
],
">90%.": [
310
]
},
"apc_list": {
"value": 3870,
"currency": "USD",
"value_usd": 3870,
"provenance": "doaj"
},
"apc_paid": null,
"authorships": [
{
"author_position": "first",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5056043245",
"display_name": "Larry B. Barber",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
"ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "government",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": true,
"raw_author_name": "Larry B. Barber",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5016604423",
"display_name": "Michelle L. Hladik",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
"ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "government",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Michelle L. Hladik",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"U.S. Geological Survey, 6000 J Street Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, 6000 J Street Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5050212047",
"display_name": "Alan M. Vajda",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8309-6025"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I921990950",
"display_name": "University of Colorado Denver",
"ror": "https://ror.org/02hh7en24",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "education",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I921990950"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Alan M. Vajda",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"University of Colorado, Department of Integrative Biology, CB 171, Denver, CO 80217, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "University of Colorado, Department of Integrative Biology, CB 171, Denver, CO 80217, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I921990950"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5045889745",
"display_name": "Kevin C. Fitzgerald",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
"ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "government",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Kevin C. Fitzgerald",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"AECOM, 500 West Jefferson St., Ste. 1600, Louisville, KY 40202, United States",
"U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "AECOM, 500 West Jefferson St., Ste. 1600, Louisville, KY 40202, United States",
"institution_ids": []
},
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, 3215 Marine St., Boulder, CO 80303, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "last",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5036353737",
"display_name": "Chris Douville",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I2984698673",
"display_name": "Boulder City Hospital",
"ror": "https://ror.org/048snr569",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "healthcare",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I2984698673"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Chris Douville",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"City of Boulder, 4049 75th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, United States"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "City of Boulder, 4049 75th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, United States",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I2984698673"
]
}
]
}
],
"best_oa_location": null,
"biblio": {
"volume": "529",
"issue": null,
"first_page": "264",
"last_page": "274"
},
"citation_normalized_percentile": {
"value": 0.688967,
"is_in_top_1_percent": false,
"is_in_top_10_percent": false
},
"cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W393684360",
"cited_by_count": 10,
"cited_by_percentile_year": {
"min": 86,
"max": 87
},
"concepts": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147455438",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057706",
"display_name": "Effluent",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7813673
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C94061648",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191",
"display_name": "Wastewater",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.7345011
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847",
"display_name": "Environmental science",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.60448325
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C505241676",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688",
"display_name": "Chlorine",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.53857464
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17538187",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506004",
"display_name": "Tap water",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5173363
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C92376884",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162199",
"display_name": "Portable water purification",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.483606
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C107872376",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355",
"display_name": "Environmental chemistry",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.46937537
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2780797713",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376",
"display_name": "Water quality",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.46788234
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C548081761",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388",
"display_name": "Waste management",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.46004322
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C8625798",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752112",
"display_name": "Surface water",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.42834035
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329",
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.41339022
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C87717796",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326",
"display_name": "Environmental engineering",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3927912
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150",
"display_name": "Ecology",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351",
"display_name": "Organic chemistry",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023",
"display_name": "Engineering",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.0
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420",
"display_name": "Biology",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.0
}
],
"corresponding_author_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/A5056043245"
],
"corresponding_institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
],
"countries_distinct_count": 1,
"counts_by_year": [
{
"year": 2023,
"cited_by_count": 1
},
{
"year": 2021,
"cited_by_count": 2
},
{
"year": 2020,
"cited_by_count": 3
},
{
"year": 2019,
"cited_by_count": 1
},
{
"year": 2017,
"cited_by_count": 1
},
{
"year": 2016,
"cited_by_count": 2
}
],
"created_date": "2016-06-24",
"datasets": [],
"display_name": "Impact of wastewater infrastructure upgrades on the urban water cycle: Reduction in halogenated reaction byproducts following conversion from chlorine gas to ultraviolet light disinfection",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112",
"fulltext_origin": "ngrams",
"fwci": 0.534,
"grants": [],
"has_fulltext": true,
"id": "https://openalex.org/W393684360",
"ids": {
"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W393684360",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112",
"mag": "393684360",
"pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26025637"
},
"indexed_in": [
"crossref",
"pubmed"
],
"institutions_distinct_count": 3,
"is_paratext": false,
"is_retracted": false,
"keywords": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/water-treatment",
"display_name": "Water Treatment",
"score": 0.558701
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/disinfection-by-products",
"display_name": "Disinfection By-Products",
"score": 0.535225
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/tap-water",
"display_name": "Tap water",
"score": 0.5173363
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-hydrology",
"display_name": "Urban Hydrology",
"score": 0.511862
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-reuse",
"display_name": "Wastewater Reuse",
"score": 0.505895
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality",
"display_name": "Water Quality",
"score": 0.504839
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/portable-water-purification",
"display_name": "Portable water purification",
"score": 0.483606
}
],
"language": "en",
"locations": [
{
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S86852077",
"display_name": "The Science of The Total Environment",
"issn_l": "0048-9697",
"issn": [
"0048-9697",
"1879-1026"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
"host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"Elsevier BV"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": null,
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
},
{
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26025637",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036",
"display_name": "PubMed",
"issn_l": null,
"issn": null,
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": false,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238",
"host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1299303238"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"National Institutes of Health"
],
"type": "repository"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": null,
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
}
],
"locations_count": 2,
"mesh": [
{
"descriptor_ui": "D004202",
"descriptor_name": "Disinfectants",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000032",
"qualifier_name": "analysis",
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D014865",
"descriptor_name": "Waste Disposal, Fluid",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000379",
"qualifier_name": "methods",
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D062065",
"descriptor_name": "Waste Water",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000737",
"qualifier_name": "chemistry",
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D014874",
"descriptor_name": "Water Pollutants, Chemical",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000032",
"qualifier_name": "analysis",
"is_major_topic": true
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D002713",
"descriptor_name": "Chlorine",
"qualifier_ui": "",
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D002713",
"descriptor_name": "Chlorine",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000032",
"qualifier_name": "analysis",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D004202",
"descriptor_name": "Disinfectants",
"qualifier_ui": "",
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D004203",
"descriptor_name": "Disinfection",
"qualifier_ui": "",
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D004203",
"descriptor_name": "Disinfection",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000379",
"qualifier_name": "methods",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D004784",
"descriptor_name": "Environmental Monitoring",
"qualifier_ui": "",
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D014466",
"descriptor_name": "Ultraviolet Rays",
"qualifier_ui": "",
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D014481",
"descriptor_name": "United States",
"qualifier_ui": "",
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D014865",
"descriptor_name": "Waste Disposal, Fluid",
"qualifier_ui": "",
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D062065",
"descriptor_name": "Waste Water",
"qualifier_ui": "",
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D062065",
"descriptor_name": "Waste Water",
"qualifier_ui": "Q000706",
"qualifier_name": "statistics & numerical data",
"is_major_topic": false
},
{
"descriptor_ui": "D014874",
"descriptor_name": "Water Pollutants, Chemical",
"qualifier_ui": "",
"qualifier_name": null,
"is_major_topic": false
}
],
"ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W393684360/ngrams",
"open_access": {
"is_oa": false,
"oa_status": "closed",
"oa_url": null,
"any_repository_has_fulltext": false
},
"primary_location": {
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.112",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S86852077",
"display_name": "The Science of The Total Environment",
"issn_l": "0048-9697",
"issn": [
"0048-9697",
"1879-1026"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
"host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"Elsevier BV"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": null,
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
},
"primary_topic": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/T11493",
"display_name": "Occurrence and Health Effects of Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products",
"score": 0.9996,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2307",
"display_name": "Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
"publication_date": "2015-10-01",
"publication_year": 2015,
"referenced_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W1492486543",
"https://openalex.org/W1520781579",
"https://openalex.org/W1549212530",
"https://openalex.org/W171106047",
"https://openalex.org/W1781108595",
"https://openalex.org/W1963841973",
"https://openalex.org/W1966919482",
"https://openalex.org/W1970801056",
"https://openalex.org/W1974939751",
"https://openalex.org/W1981206423",
"https://openalex.org/W1992301911",
"https://openalex.org/W1993141390",
"https://openalex.org/W2001359049",
"https://openalex.org/W2003525306",
"https://openalex.org/W2004879472",
"https://openalex.org/W2005403563",
"https://openalex.org/W2010127892",
"https://openalex.org/W2030655985",
"https://openalex.org/W2037766564",
"https://openalex.org/W2040391336",
"https://openalex.org/W2046090836",
"https://openalex.org/W2049063210",
"https://openalex.org/W2050590731",
"https://openalex.org/W2051663204",
"https://openalex.org/W2052290652",
"https://openalex.org/W2057283280",
"https://openalex.org/W2059010740",
"https://openalex.org/W2062929894",
"https://openalex.org/W2063283197",
"https://openalex.org/W2066073825",
"https://openalex.org/W2070048028",
"https://openalex.org/W2072926882",
"https://openalex.org/W2074417542",
"https://openalex.org/W2076306023",
"https://openalex.org/W2079295664",
"https://openalex.org/W2091285856",
"https://openalex.org/W2091615419",
"https://openalex.org/W2093331396",
"https://openalex.org/W2097656846",
"https://openalex.org/W2098112680",
"https://openalex.org/W2099368004",
"https://openalex.org/W2117717643",
"https://openalex.org/W2123732618",
"https://openalex.org/W2142878254",
"https://openalex.org/W2145408853",
"https://openalex.org/W2147380432",
"https://openalex.org/W2170442253",
"https://openalex.org/W2314464333",
"https://openalex.org/W2315245155",
"https://openalex.org/W2321412251",
"https://openalex.org/W2325438984",
"https://openalex.org/W2404523348",
"https://openalex.org/W2582743722"
],
"referenced_works_count": 53,
"related_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W4376119825",
"https://openalex.org/W4205860744",
"https://openalex.org/W3198901016",
"https://openalex.org/W2388781270",
"https://openalex.org/W2356571046",
"https://openalex.org/W2356174251",
"https://openalex.org/W2327322746",
"https://openalex.org/W2321772528",
"https://openalex.org/W2312218198",
"https://openalex.org/W2083887496"
],
"sustainable_development_goals": [
{
"display_name": "Clean water and sanitation",
"score": 0.68,
"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"
}
],
"title": "Impact of wastewater infrastructure upgrades on the urban water cycle: Reduction in halogenated reaction byproducts following conversion from chlorine gas to ultraviolet light disinfection",
"topics": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T11493",
"display_name": "Occurrence and Health Effects of Drinking Water Disinfection By-Products",
"score": 0.9996,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2307",
"display_name": "Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T11781",
"display_name": "Wastewater Reuse and Management Practices",
"score": 0.9864,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2311",
"display_name": "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T11119",
"display_name": "Urban Stormwater Management and Sustainable Drainage Systems",
"score": 0.966,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2305",
"display_name": "Environmental Engineering"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
}
],
"type": "article",
"type_crossref": "journal-article",
"updated_date": "2024-08-15T10:55:58.718809",
"versions": []
}
}
