Item talk:Q234352

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{

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   "name": "Global climate simulations at 3000-year intervals for the last 21 000 years with the GENMOM coupled atmosphere\u2013ocean model",
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   "abstract": "We apply GENMOM, a coupled atmosphere\u2013ocean climate model, to simulate eight equilibrium time slices at 3000-year intervals for the past 21 000 years forced by changes in Earth\u2013Sun geometry, atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), continental ice sheets, and sea level. Simulated global cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is 3.8 \u25e6C and the rate of post-glacial warming is in overall agreement with recently published temperature reconstructions. The greatest rate of warming occurs between 15 and 12 ka (2.4 \u25e6C over land, 0.7 \u25e6C over oceans, and 1.4 \u25e6C globally) in response to changes in radiative forcing from the diminished extent of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice sheets and increases in GHGs and NH summer insolation. The modeled LGM and 6 ka temperature and precipitation climatologies are generally consistent with proxy reconstructions, the PMIP2 and PMIP3 simulations, and other paleoclimate data\u2013model analyses. The model does not capture the mid-Holocene \u201cthermal maximum\u201d and gradual cooling to preindustrial (PI) global temperature found in the data. Simulated monsoonal precipitation in North Africa peaks between 12 and 9 ka at values \u223c 50 % greater than those of the PI, and Indian monsoonal precipitation peaks at 12 and 9 ka at values \u223c 45 % greater than the PI. GENMOM captures the reconstructed LGM extent of NH and Southern Hemisphere (SH) sea ice. The simulated present-day Antarctica Circumpolar Current (ACC) is \u223c 48 % weaker than the observed (62 versus 119 Sv). The simulated present-day Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) of 19.3 \u00b1 1.4 Sv on the Bermuda Rise (33\u25e6 N) is comparable with observed value of 18.7 \u00b1 4.8 Sv. AMOC at 33\u25e6 N is reduced by \u223c 15 % during the LGM, and the largest post-glacial increase (\u223c 11 %) occurs during the 15 ka time slice.",
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