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{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "Summer declines in activity and body temperature offer polar bears limited energy savings", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70155283", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70155283" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70155283 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1126/science.aaa8623", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa8623" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Science", "volumeNumber": "349", "issueNumber": "6245" }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Science" } ], "datePublished": "2015", "dateModified": "2017-08-29", "abstract": "Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) summer on the sea ice or, where it melts, on shore. Although the physiology of \u201cice\u201d bears in summer is unknown, \u201cshore\u201d bears purportedly minimize energy losses by entering a hibernation-like state when deprived of food. Such a strategy could partially compensate for the loss of on-ice foraging opportunities caused by climate change. However, here we report gradual, moderate declines in activity and body temperature of both shore and ice bears in summer, resembling energy expenditures typical of fasting, nonhibernating mammals. Also, we found that to avoid unsustainable heat loss while swimming, bears employed unusual heterothermy of the body core. Thus, although well adapted to seasonal ice melt, polar bears appear susceptible to deleterious declines in body condition during the lengthening period of summer food deprivation.", "description": "4 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "American Association for the Advancement of Science" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Whiteman, J.P.", "givenName": "J.P.", "familyName": "Whiteman" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Harlow, H.J.", "givenName": "H.J.", "familyName": "Harlow" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Anderson-Sprecher, R.", "givenName": "R.", "familyName": "Anderson-Sprecher" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Albeke, Shannon E.", "givenName": "Shannon E.", "familyName": "Albeke" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Regehr, Eric V.", "givenName": "Eric V.", "familyName": "Regehr", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-4487-3105", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3105" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "U. 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Fish and Wildlife Service" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Amstrup, Steven C.", "givenName": "Steven C.", "familyName": "Amstrup", "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Polar Bears International" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ben-David, M.", "givenName": "M.", "familyName": "Ben-David" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Durner, George M. gdurner@usgs.gov", "givenName": "George M.", "familyName": "Durner", "email": "gdurner@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-3370-1191", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Alaska Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center" } ] } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "Not": [ 0 ], "that": [ 1, 25, 66, 79 ], "unusual": [ 2 ], "after": [ 3 ], "all": [ 4 ], "As": [ 5 ], "polar": [ 6, 9, 53, 80 ], "ice": [ 7, 60 ], "recedes,": [ 8 ], "bears": [ 10, 54, 81 ], "are": [ 11 ], "facing": [ 12 ], "a": [ 13, 41 ], "changed": [ 14 ], "habitat": [ 15 ], "with": [ 16 ], "reduced": [ 17, 87 ], "summer": [ 18, 32, 88, 98 ], "foraging": [ 19, 99 ], "opportunities.": [ 20 ], "It": [ 21 ], "has": [ 22 ], "been": [ 23 ], "hypothesized": [ 24 ], "they": [ 26 ], "might": [ 27 ], "be": [ 28 ], "able": [ 29 ], "to": [ 30, 71, 102 ], "resist": [ 31 ], "food": [ 33, 89 ], "shortages": [ 34 ], "by": [ 35 ], "reducing": [ 36 ], "their": [ 37 ], "metabolic": [ 38 ], "needs": [ 39 ], "in": [ 40, 52 ], "sort": [ 42 ], "of": [ 43 ], "\u201cwalking": [ 44 ], "hibernation.\u201d": [ 45 ], "Whiteman": [ 46 ], "et": [ 47 ], "al.": [ 48 ], "monitored": [ 49 ], "energy": [ 50, 63 ], "expenditure": [ 51 ], "both": [ 55 ], "on": [ 56 ], "and": [ 57, 61, 91 ], "off": [ 58 ], "the": [ 59 ], "found": [ 62 ], "reductions,": [ 64 ], "but": [ 65 ], "these": [ 67 ], "were": [ 68 ], "more": [ 69 ], "akin": [ 70 ], "normal": [ 72 ], "mammalian": [ 73 ], "fasting": [ 74 ], "levels.": [ 75 ], "Thus,": [ 76 ], "it": [ 77 ], "appears": [ 78 ], "have": [ 82 ], "no": [ 83 ], "energetic": [ 84 ], "protections": [ 85 ], "against": [ 86 ], "supplies": [ 90 ], "will": [ 92 ], "face": [ 93 ], "increasing": [ 94 ], "starvation": [ 95 ], "threats": [ 96 ], "if": [ 97 ], "habitats": [ 100 ], "continue": [ 101 ], "decline.": [ 103 ], "Science": [ 104 ], ",": [ 105 ], "this": [ 106 ], "issue": [ 107 ], "p.": [ 108 ], "295": [ 109 ] }, "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5013453011", "display_name": "John P. 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