Item talk:Q228305

{

 "@context": "http://schema.org/",
 "@type": "WebPage",
 "additionalType": "Topic",
 "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/urban-land-use-and-water-quality",
 "headline": "Urban Land Use and Water Quality",
 "datePublished": "March 3, 2019",
 "author": [
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Barbara J Mahler",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/barbara-j-mahler",
     "identifier": {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "orcid",
       "value": "0000-0002-9150-9552"
     }
   }
 ],
 "description": [
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "A new USGS study reports that 16 dissolved pesticides were consistently detected in small streams in 16 urban centers across five regions of the United States."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "In urbanized areas, small streams are often overlooked or forgotten, but these streams can reduce contamination, ease flash flooding, and improve the esthetics and livability of our daily environment."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Interested in more water quality topics?  \u25ba  Learn about the effects of agriculture on stream quality"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Effects of Urban Development on Stream EcosystemsIn response to concerns about the degradation of urban streams, the USGS did a national-scale, scientific investigation of the effects of urban development on stream ecosystems.  A nationally consistent study design was used in nine metropolitan areas of the United States\u2014Portland, Oregon; Salt Lake City, Utah; Birmingham, Alabama; Atlanta, Georgia; Raleigh, North Carolina; Boston, Massachusetts; Denver, Colorado; Dallas, Texas; and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Read this comprehensive study of effects of urban development on stream ecosystems and learn about strategies for managing the effects of development."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Streamflow AlterationHumans, just like aquatic organisms, need water, but flood control, urban infrastructure, and myriad other ways we manage water affect the natural flow of streams and rivers. Learn how the ways we manage land and water affects the natural patterns of streamflow and the ecosystems that depend on them."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Wherever you live, there\u2019s a creek or stream near you. The eighty percent of Americans who live in metropolitan areas are often unaware of the network of urban creeks\u2014many teeming with life\u2014that weaves through our cities and town. Nowhere are the environmental changes associated with urban development more evident than in urban streams."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Contaminants, habitat destruction, and streamflow flashiness resulting from urban development disrupt biological communities, particularly sensitive aquatic species. Every stream is connected downstream to larger water bodies, including rivers, reservoirs, and ultimately coastal waters. Inputs of chemical contaminants or sediments at any point along the stream can cause degradation of water quality downstream, harming biological communities and economically valuable resources, such as fisheries and tourism.  It\u2019s therefore important to know which urban-related stressors are most closely linked to biological community degradation, and how multiple stressors can be managed to protect stream health as a watershed becomes increasingly urbanized."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "PAHs, Coal-Tar Sealcoat, and Environmental HealthA commonly used product in urban and suburban areas, coal-tar-based pavement sealcoat, is contributing to toxicity in streams. Coal-tar-based sealcoat, a potent source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), is applied to many asphalt driveways and parking lots across much of the central, eastern, and southern U.S. Read about the toxicity of runoff and particles washed from coal-tar-sealcoated surfaces in a 6-page, color fact sheet."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Lake and Reservoir Sediment Records the Effects of UrbanizationMany chemicals associated with urban and suburban activities\u2014pesticides, PAHs, metals\u2014adhere to sediment and are deposited at the bottoms of lakes and reservoirs. By collecting cores of sediment and analyzing if for chemicals in the oldest sediments at the bottom of the core to the most recently deposited sediments at the top, we can see how urbanization in the watershed has affected sediment quality through time."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Urban Land Use and Groundwater QualityThe effects of our daily lives on groundwater quality are apparent in the concentrations of nitrate, pesticides, and other manmade chemicals found in shallow groundwater beneath urban and suburban land.  The USGS National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Project characterized the quality of recently recharged groundwater in residential settings, typically with low to medium population densities (300 to 5,600 people per square mile). Read about the relations between urban land use and salinity, nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in groundwater."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Water Quality and Ecology of Small Streams (RSQA)The USGS Regional Stream Quality Assessment (RSQA) is studying the relations between stressors (chemical and physical) and stream ecology (fish, algae, and aquatic invertebrates) at hundreds of small streams across five major regions of the United States. Users can access an online mapping tool to compare water quality at small streams across a region, see scorecards that summarize stream health at each stream site, and download data for hundreds of chemical compounds."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "A new USGS study estimates total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P) yields from catchments throughout the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin. Local inputs from wastewater treatment plants in some cases were large contributors."
   }
 ],
 "funder": {
   "@type": "Organization",
   "name": "Water Resources Mission Area",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources"
 },
 "about": [
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Measuring and Monitoring Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Pollution (Chemical and Biological)"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Information Systems"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water Quality"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Groundwater, Aquifers, Wells, and Springs"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Land-Use Change"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Aquatic Biology and Ecosystems"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Common Water Issues"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "nawqa"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Energy"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Types of Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Urban Water Concerns"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Physical Habitats and Environmental Flows"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Ecosystem Health"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Geology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Streams and Rivers"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Science Technology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Environmental Health"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Lakes and Reservoirs"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Methods and Analysis"
   }
 ]

}