Item talk:Q227666

From geokb

{

 "@context": "http://schema.org/",
 "@type": "WebPage",
 "additionalType": "Activity",
 "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/streamstats/science/flood-frequency-reports",
 "headline": "Flood Frequency Reports",
 "datePublished": "February 16, 2021",
 "author": [],
 "description": [
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Regional Skewhttps://doi.org/10.18738/T8/SVLCOQ, Technique to estimate generalized skew coefficients of annual peak streamflow for natural watershed conditions in Texas, Oklahoma, and eastern New Mexico"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "WYOMINGPeak Flow & Regional Skew (combined report) WRIR 03-4107, Peak-Flow Characteristics of Wyoming Streams"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "DELAWAREPeak Flow SIR 2006-5146, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods on Nontidal Streams in Delaware"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "NEW YORKPeak Flow SIR 2006-5112, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in New York"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "VERMONTPeak Flow SIR 2014-5078, Estimation of Flood Discharges at Selected Annual Exceedance Probabilities for Unregulated, Rural Streams in Vermont"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "OREGONPeak Flow & Regional skew (combined report) SIR 2005-5116, Estimation of Peak Discharges for Rural, Unregulated Streams in Western Oregon"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "To ensure consistency in flood-frequency analysis, multiple federal agencies have worked together to produce the\u202fGuidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency - Bulletin 17C, released in 2019. Updates include: adoption of a generalized representation of flood data that allows for interval and censored data types; a new method, called the Expected Moments Algorithm, which extends the method of moments so that it can accommodate interval data; a generalized approach to identification of low outliers in flood data; and an improved method for computing confidence intervals. Federal agencies are requested to use these Guidelines in all planning activities involving water and related land resources. State, local, and private organizations are encouraged to use these Guidelines to assure uniformity in the flood-frequency estimates that all agencies concerned with flood risk should use for Federal planning decisions."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "WSP 2433\u202f(1997), Methods for Estimating Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in the Southwestern United States"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "MARYLANDPeak Flow Application of Hydrologic Methods in Maryland"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "NOTICE: Potential computational issues in the PeakFQ software continue to be investigated in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Refined user guidance and/or updated methodology documentation will be developed and made available, if needed."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "KENTUCKYPeak Flow & Regional Skew WRIR 97-4219, Estimation of peak-discharge frequency of urban streams in Jefferson County, Kentucky"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SIR 2022-5118, Estimating Flood Magnitude and Frequency for Unregulated Streams in Wisconsin"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "TENNESSEE Peak Flow WRIR 84-4110, Flood Frequency and Storm Runoff of Urban Areas of Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "ARKANSASB17C Peak Flow & B17C B-GLS Regional Skew (combined report) SIR 2016-5081, Methods for estimating annual exceedance probability discharges for streams in Arkansas, based on data through water year 2013"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "A Coastal Plains peakflow report is coming soon..."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "B17C B-GLS Regional Skew Appendix of:\u202fSIR 2016-5118, Magnitude, frequency, and trends of floods at gaged and ungaged sites in Washington, based on data through water year 2014 (ver 1.1, October 2016)"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "B17CSIR 2022-5005, Peak-Flow and Low-Flow Magnitude Estimates at Defined Frequencies and Durations for Nontidal Streams in Delaware"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Regional Skew B17C B-GLS Regional Skew SIR 2019-5105, Methods for Estimating Regional Skewness of Annual Peak Flows in Parts of the Great Lakes and Ohio River Basins, Based on Data Through Water Year 2013"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "VIRGINIAPeak Flow SIR 2011-5144, Peak-Flow Characteristics of Virginia Streams"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SIR 2007-5158, Methods for Estimating Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Flows for Natural Streams in Utah"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "B17CSIR 2019-5043, Methods for Estimating the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Streamflows for Unregulated Streams in Oklahoma Developed by Using Streamflow Data Through 2017"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SIR 2015-5055, Comparisons of Estimates of Annual Exceedance-Probability Discharges for Small Drainage Basins in Iowa, Based on Data through Water Year 2013"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Regional Skew OFR 2008-1304, Generalized Skew Coefficients of Annual Peak Flows for Rural, Unregulated Streams in West Virginia"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "INDIANAPeak Flow Rao, A. R. Flood Frequency Relationships for Indiana. Publication FHWA/IN/JTRP-2005/18. Joint Transportation Research Program, Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 2006."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "MICHIGANPeak Flow WRIR 84-4207, Statistical Models for Estimating Flow Characteristics of Michigan Streams, 1984"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "For additional information, please contact your\u202flocal Water Science Center\u202for email\u202fgs_b17c@usgs.gov."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Regional Skew SIR 2009-5135, Statistical Summaries of Streamflow in and near Oklahoma Through 2007"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SOUTH DAKOTAPeak Flow WRIR 98-4055, A Method for Estimating Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in South Dakota"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Flood-frequency analysis provides information about the magnitude and frequency of floods based on records of annual maximum instantaneous peak discharges. Accurate flood-frequency estimates, created using consistent and uniformly applied methods, are a key component of any effective flood risk and management program. This is a list of current USGS flood frequency reports published by state."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Floods are dangerous natural hazards that can threaten lives, livelihoods, and property. Without information on flood risk, the planning, design, and management of infrastructure along rivers would be forced to proceed without quantitative scientific analysis. Flood-frequency analysis provides information about the magnitude and frequency of flood discharges based on records of annual maximum instantaneous peak discharges collected at streamgages. In essence, flood-frequency analysis is used to estimate the probability of flooding at specific river locations."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "PUERTO RICOPeak Flow & B17C Regional skew (combined report) SIR 2021-5062, Development of Regression Equations for the Estimation of the Magnitude and Frequency of Floods at Rural, Unregulated Gaged and Ungaged Streams in Puerto Rico Through Water Year 2017"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "IDAHOB17C Peak Flow & B17C B-GLS Regional Skew (combined report) SIR 2016-5083, Estimating peak-flow frequency statistics for selected gaged and ungaged sites in naturally flowing streams and rivers in Idaho"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "B17C B-GLS Regional Skew Appendix of:\u202fSIR 2016-5081, Methods for estimating annual exceedance probability discharges for streams in Arkansas, based on data through water year 2013"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Updated peak flow/low flow/max flow/duration flow regression report coming soon..."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SIR 2017-5063, Methods for estimating annual exceedance-probability streamflows for streams in Kansas based on data through water year 2015"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Updated peak flow report coming soon..."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "ARIZONAB17C Peak Flow & B17C B-GLS Regional Skew (combined report) SIR 2014-5211, Methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in Arizona, developed with unregulated and rural peak-flow data through water year 2010"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Peak Flow SIR 2020-5054, Estimating Flood Magnitude and Frequency on Streams and Rivers in Connecticut, Based on Data Through Water Year 2015"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "MASSACHUSETTSB17C Peak Flow SIR 2016-5156, Magnitude of flood flows at selected annual exceedance probabilities for streams in Massachusetts"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "WSP 2433, Methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods in the southwestern United States"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "B17CSIR 2019-5018, Flood-Frequency Estimates for Ohio Streamgages Based on Data through Water Year 2015 and Techniques for Estimating Flood-Frequency Characteristics of Rural, Unregulated Ohio Streams"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "COLORADOB17C Peak Flow\u202f SIR 2016-5099, Paleoflood investigations to improve peak-streamflow regional-regression equations for natural streamflow in eastern Colorado"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SIR 2006-5306, Analysis of the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Discharges for the Navajo Nation in Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "B17C B-GLS Regional Skew SIR 2019-5105, Methods for Estimating Regional Skewness of Annual Peak Flows in Parts of the Great Lakes and Ohio River Basins, Based on Data Through Water Year 2013"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "WEST VIRGINIAPeak Flow SIR 2010-5033, Estimation of Flood-Frequency Discharges for Rural, Unregulated Streams in West Virginia"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "WRIR 84-4182, Synthesized flood frequency for small urban streams in Tennessee"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "NEBRASKAPeak Flow & Regional skew (combined report) WRIR 99-4032, Peak-Flow Frequency Relations and Evaluation of the Peak-Flow Gaging Network in Nebraska"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "NORTH DAKOTAPeak Flow & Regional skew (combined report) SIR 2015-5096, Regional regression equations to estimate peak-flow frequency at sites in North Dakota using data through 2009"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "B17CSIR 2019-5012, Techniques for Estimating the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Flows on Small Streams in the Binational U.S. and Canadian Lake of the Woods\u2013Rainy River Basin Upstream from Kenora, Ontario, Canada, Based on Data through Water Year 2013"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "B17CSIR 2021-5046, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in the Alluvial Plain of the Lower Mississippi River, 2017"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "RHODE ISLANDPeak Flow & Regional skew (combined report) SIR 2012-5109, Magnitude of Flood Flows for Selected Annual-Exceedance Probabilities in Rhode Island, through 2010, Version 1.1"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SIR 2016-5050, Estimation of Peak Discharge Quantiles for Selected Annual Exceedance Probabilities in Northeastern Illinois"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Accurate estimates of flood frequency and magnitude are a key component of any effective nationwide flood risk management and flood damage abatement program. In addition to accuracy, methods for estimating flood risk must be uniformly and consistently applied because management of the Nation\u2019s water and related land resources is a collaborative effort involving multiple actors including most levels of government and the private sector."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "For detailed information, please visit this page."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "As B17C recommends weighting the at-site skew with regional skew, this list provides the most current regional skew study for each state, which include both B17C recommended BGLS regional skew as well as other methodologies. If a B-GLS regional skew is not available, it is recommended that users consult with the USGS to determine the availability of alternate regional skew estimates. If no alternatives are available, then use the B17B map."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "NORTH CAROLINAPeak Flow & B17C B-GLS Regional Skew (combined report) SIR 2023-5006, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods for Rural Streams in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, 2017\u2014Results"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "B17C Flood-Duration Flows with B17C B-GLS Regional Skews SIR 2014-5109, Methods for estimating magnitude and frequency of 1-, 3-, 7-, 15-, and 30-day flood-duration flows in Arizona"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "UTAHPeak Flow & Regional Skew (combined report) SIR 2006-5306, Analysis of the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Discharges for the Navajo Nation in Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "ALABAMAPeak Flow SIR 2007-5204, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in Alabama, 2003 SIR 2010-2012, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods for Urban Streams in Alabama, 2007B17CSIR 2020-5032, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in Alabama, 2015"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SIR 2020-5092, Estimating Flood Magnitude and Frequency on Gaged and Ungaged Streams in Maine"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Peak Flow SIR 2009-5136, Regional Regression Equations for Estimation of Natural streamflow Statistics in Colorado"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "GEORGIAPeak Flow & B17C B-GLS Regional Skew (combined report) SIR 2023-5006, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods for Rural Streams in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, 2017\u2014Results"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "WRIR 03-4180, Estimating the Magnitude of Peak Flows for Streams in Kentucky for Selected Recurrence Intervals"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SIR 2014-5030, Methods for Estimating the Magnitude and Frequency of Floods for Urban and Small, Rural Streams in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, 2011"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SIR 2020-5142, Regional Regression Equations Based on Channel-Width Characteristics to Estimate Peak-Flow Frequencies at Ungaged Sites in Montana Using Peak-Flow Frequency Data through Water Year 2011"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "CALIFORNIAB17C B-GLS Regional Skew\u202f SIR 2010-5260, Regional skew for California, and flood frequency for selected sites in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Basin, based on data through water year 2006"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "CONNECTICUTB17C B-GLS Regional Skew SIR 2017-5037, Methods for estimating regional coefficient of skewness for unregulated streams in New England"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Below is a list of the most recent flood frequency reports published by the USGS and organized by state. This list includes reports pertaining to regional skew, as well as regional annual exceedance probability equations for both peak flow and flood-duration flows. It will be updated as new reports are published."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SIR 2021-5015, Methods for Estimating Regional Skewness of Annual Peak Flows in Parts of Eastern New York and Pennsylvania, Based on Data Through Water Year 2013"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "For additional information on the basics of flood-frequency analysis, see also The 100-Year-Flood-It\u2019s All About Chance (USGS General Information Product 106) and our 100-Year Flood webpage (USGS Water Science School)."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "NEW MEXICOPeak Flow & Regional skew (combined report) SIR 2008-5119, Analysis of the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Discharge and Maximum Observed Peak Discharge in New Mexico and Surrounding Areas"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "ILLINOISPeak Flow FHWA-ICT-23-014, Estimating peak-flow quantiles for selected annual exceedance probabilities in Illinois"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "MAINEPeak Flow & Regional Skew WRIR 99-4008, Estimating the Magnitude of Peak Flows for Streams in Maine for Selected Recurrence Intervals"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "HAWAIIPeak Flow SIR 2023-5014, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods on Kaua\u02bbi, O\u02bbahu, Moloka\u02bbi, Maui, and Hawai\u02bbi, State of Hawai\u02bbi, Based on Data through Water Year 2020"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "WISCONSINB17C B-GLS Regional Skew SIR 2019-5105, Methods for Estimating Regional Skewness of Annual Peak Flows in Parts of the Great Lakes and Ohio River Basins, Based on Data Through Water Year 2013"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "NEW JERSEYPeak Flow & Regional skew (combined report) SIR 2009-5167, Methodology for Estimation of Flood Magnitude and Frequency for New Jersey Streams"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "OHIOPeak Flow WSP 2432, Estimation of peak-frequency relations, flood hydrographs, and volume-duration-frequency relations of ungaged small urban streams in Ohio"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SIR 2021-5046, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in the Alluvial Plain of the Lower Mississippi River, 2017"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "B17CSIR 2019-5094, Development of Regression Equations for the Estimation of Flood Flows at Ungaged Streams in Pennsylvania"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "IOWAB17C Peak Flow & B17C B-GLS Regional Skew (combined report) SIR 2013-5086, Methods for Estimating Annual Exceedance-Probability Discharges for Streams in Iowa, Based on Data through Water Year 2010"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "MINNESOTAPeak Flow SIR 2023-5079, Techniques for Estimating the Magnitude and Frequency of Peak Flows on Small Streams in Minnesota, Excluding the Rainy River Basin, Based on Data Through Water Year 2019"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "WASHINGTONB17C Peak Flow & B17C B-GLS Regional Skew (combined report) SIR 2016-5118, Magnitude, frequency, and trends of floods at gaged and ungaged sites in Washington, based on data through water year 2014 (ver 1.1, October 2016)"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Update coming soon..."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "B17C B-GLS Regional Skew SIR 2017-5037, Methods for estimating regional coefficient of skewness for unregulated streams in New England"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "B17C Flood-Duration Flows with B17C B-GLS Regional Skews SIR 2012-5130, Development of regional skews for selected flood durations for the Central Valley Region, California, based on data through water year 2008"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "ALASKAB17C Peak Flow & B17C B-GLS Regional Skew (combined report) SIR 2016-5024, Estimating flood magnitude and frequency at gaged and ungaged sites on streams in Alaska and conterminous basins in Canada, based on data through water year 2012"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SIR 2010-5073, Estimation of the Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in Urban Basins in Missouri"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "OKLAHOMAPeak Flow SIR 2015-5134, Methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of peak streamflows at ungaged sites in and near the Oklahoma Panhandle"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "KANSASPeak Flow & Regional Skew WRIR 00-4079, Estimation of Peak Streamflows for Unregulated Streams in Kansas"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "NEW HAMPSHIREPeak Flow SIR 2008-5206, Estimation of Flood Discharges at Selected Recurrence Intervals for Streams in New Hampshire"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "PENNSYLVANIAPeak Flow SIR 2008-5102, Regression Equations for Estimating Flood Flows at Selected Recurrence Intervals for Ungaged Streams in Pennsylvania"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "WRIR 03-4176, Flood-Frequency Prediction Methods for Unregulated Streams of Tennessee, 2000"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "SOUTH CAROLINAPeak Flow & B17C B-GLS Regional Skew (combined report) SIR 2023-5006, Magnitude and Frequency of Floods for Rural Streams in Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina, 2017\u2014Results"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "B17C Peak Flow\u202f SIR 2012-5113, Methods for determining magnitude and frequency of floods in California, based on data through water year 2006"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "NEVADAPeak Flow & Regional skew (combined report) WSP 2433\u202f(1997), Methods for Estimating Magnitude and Frequency of Floods in the Southwestern United States"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "LOUISIANAPeak Flow TR No. 60, (1998) Floods in Louisiana, Magnitude and Frequency, Fifth Edition. In progress (coming soon)"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "MONTANAPeak Flow & Regional skew (combined report) WRIR 2015-5019, Montana StreamStats"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "TEXASPeak Flow SIR 2009-5087, Regression Equations for Estimation of Annual Peak-Streamflow Frequency for Undeveloped Watersheds in Texas Using an L-moment-Based, PRESS-Minimized, Residual-Adjusted Approach"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "MISSISSIPPIPeak Flow & Regional Skew (combined report) SIR 2018-5148, Flood Frequency of Rural Streams in Mississippi, 2013"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "MISSOURIB17C Peak Flow & B17C Regional Skew (combined report) SIR 2014-5165, Methods for Estimating Annual Exceedance-Probability Discharges and Largest Recorded Floods for Unregulated Streams in Rural Missouri"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Reports which use the flood-frequency methods recommended in Bulletin 17C will be denoted with \u201cB17C.\u201d"
   }
 ],
 "funder": {
   "@type": "Organization",
   "name": "StreamStats",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/streamstats"
 },
 "about": [
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Hazards (Floods, Droughts, Hurricanes, etc.)"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Environmental Health"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Science Technology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Streamgaging Network"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Streams and Rivers"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Types of Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Measuring and Monitoring Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Prediction and Modeling"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Advanced Capabilities and Research"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Energy"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Hazard and Event Monitoring"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Geology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Methods and Analysis"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Common Water Issues"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Information Systems"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Extreme Hydrologic Event Monitoring"
   }
 ]

}