Item talk:Q227612

{

 "@context": "http://schema.org/",
 "@type": "WebPage",
 "additionalType": "Priority",
 "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/next-generation-water-observing-system-ngwos",
 "headline": "Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS)",
 "datePublished": "April 27, 2021",
 "author": [
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Chad R Wagner",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/chad-r-wagner"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Brian Pellerin",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/brian-pellerin",
     "identifier": {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "orcid",
       "value": "0000-0003-3712-7884"
     }
   }
 ],
 "description": [
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "A western basin\u2014the Upper Colorado River Basin\u2014was selected for inclusion in the NGWOS in November 2019. This basin is providing an opportunity to improve regional water prediction in snowmelt dominated systems."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The NGWOS aims to foster innovation and development of monitoring technologies and methodologies to make data more affordable and more rapidly available. Monitoring innovations also are expected to lead to more types of data at higher temporal and spatial frequencies. Innovation testing sites will be identified on main-stem streams and small streams within NGWOS watersheds. These locations will provide a platform for rigorous, transparent, and reproducible testing of emerging and innovative monitoring technologies by the USGS and other entities. Technologies of interest include radar and image velocimetry for remotely sensing surface-water velocities, drone-mounted ground-penetrating radar for measuring bathymetry for improving flow estimates, new sensors for monitoring continuous water-quality and suspended sediment, and others. The application and benefits of these innovations will extend beyond the NGWOS watersheds and be incorporated into routine operation of USGS monitoring networks."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The USGS has a nearly 140-year history of providing reliable and relevant scientific information to decision makers. Today (2019), the USGS operates and maintains real-time, continuous monitoring networks nationwide consisting of more than 8,200 streamflow-gaging stations, 2,100 water-quality stations, 1,700 groundwater-level monitoring wells, and 1,000 precipitation stations. USGS hydrographers make tens of thousands of discrete water measurements each year. Requests for USGS data exceed 670 million annually. Yet, the current National Streamflow Network\u2014while providing data at critical locations\u2014covers less than 1 percent of the Nation\u2019s streams and rivers. This sampling density helps to inform current and past water conditions (see, for example, WaterWatch) but is not sufficient for predicting interactions between climate, surface water, groundwater and soil moisture across large watersheds."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The USGS information systems for water-data management and delivery are being transformed and modernized as part of the NGWOS to accommodate new data and sensor networks, allow for integration with water data from multiple agencies and sectors, display observational data uncertainty, and enable data and analytical products to feed directly into models. Data telemetry systems also are being updated to allow for two-way communications and more frequent transmission of data to the internet."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Substantial advances in water science, together with emerging breakthroughs in technical and computational capabilities, have led the USGS to develop a Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS). The USGS NGWOS will provide real-time data on water quantity and quality in more affordable and rapid ways than previously possible, and in more locations."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The Illinois River Basin is being added to the NGWOS (2020) to fill monitoring gaps and data needs to advance nutrient delivery and harmful algal bloom prediction."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "USGS's NGWOS will integrate fixed and mobile monitoring assets in the water, ground, and air, including innovative webcams and new ground- and space-based sensors. When fully implemented, the NGWOS will provide high temporal and spatial resolution data on streamflow, evapotranspiration, snowpack, soil moisture, water quality, groundwater/surface-water connections, stream velocity distribution, sediment transport, and water use. USGS partner and stakeholder needs are helping to inform the NGWOS design so that data and information generated by the NGWOS will help them anticipate water shortages more accurately and react to water hazards more quickly."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "From the perspectives of science, cost, and operations and maintenance, it is not necessary or feasible to collect data at a high spatial density throughout all large watersheds and aquifers. A more practical approach is to develop intensive monitoring networks in a small number of medium-sized watersheds (10,000-20,000 square miles) and underlying aquifers that are representative of larger regions across the Nation. Data from these intensively monitored watersheds can then be used in combination with data from existing monitoring networks to construct and reduce the uncertainty in advanced models to fill in data and knowledge gaps in regional and national water assessments and predictions. At present (2019), it is anticipated that the NGWOS will include at least 10 intensively monitored medium-sized watersheds, selected with input from USGS stakeholders, to represent a wide range of environmental, hydrologic and landscape settings across the Nation. At least one basin in each of 18 water resource regions will be identified for potential NGWOS consideration."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "NGWOS data will support advanced modeling tools to provide state-of-the-art flood and drought forecasts, drive emergency- and water-management decision support systems, and address difficult questions such as:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "An NGWOS pilot in the Delaware River Basin is providing an opportunity to develop the NGWOS in a nationally important, complex interstate river system."
   }
 ],
 "funder": {
   "@type": "Organization",
   "name": "Water Resources Mission Area",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources"
 },
 "about": [
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Data Science"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Methods and Analysis"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Groundwater/Surface-Water Interactions"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Hazards (Floods, Droughts, Hurricanes, etc.)"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "unmanned aircraft system"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Hazard and Event Monitoring"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Pollution (Chemical and Biological)"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "uas"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "sUAS"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Energy"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water Availability and Use"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "AquaticAirshow"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Environmental Health"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Stream and Riverine Ecosystems"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Techniques and Methods"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Common Water Issues"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Science Technology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water Quality"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Geology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Groundwater, Aquifers, Wells, and Springs"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Prediction and Modeling"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Real-Time Measurements"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Information Systems"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Erosion and Sedimentation"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Evapotranspiration"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Extreme Hydrologic Event Monitoring"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Groundwater Monitoring"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Soil Moisture and Permafrost"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "drone"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water Supply and Demand"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Snow, Ice, and Glaciers"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Types of Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Remote Sensing"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Advanced Capabilities and Research"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Streamgaging Network"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Streams and Rivers"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Measuring and Monitoring Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Mapping Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "unoccupied aircraft system"
   }
 ]

}