Item talk:Q227296

{

 "@context": "http://schema.org/",
 "@type": "WebPage",
 "additionalType": "Project",
 "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc/science/coral-reef-project",
 "headline": "Coral Reef Project",
 "datePublished": "June 27, 2022",
 "author": [
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Curt Storlazzi, PhD",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/curt-storlazzi",
     "identifier": {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "orcid",
       "value": "0000-0001-8057-4490"
     }
   },
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Nancy Prouty",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/nancy-prouty",
     "identifier": {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "orcid",
       "value": "0000-0002-8922-0688"
     }
   },
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Ferdinand Oberle",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/ferdinand-oberle",
     "identifier": {
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       "propertyID": "orcid",
       "value": "0000-0001-8871-3619"
     }
   },
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Renee Takesue",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/renee-takesue",
     "identifier": {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "orcid",
       "value": "0000-0003-1205-0825"
     }
   }
 ],
 "description": [
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Read more coral reef facts."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Coral reefs are unique ecosystems of plants, animals, and their associated geological framework. Coral reefs cover less than 0.5 percent of the earth's surface, but are home to an estimated 25 percent of all marine species. Second only to tropical rainforests in size and complexity, some scientists estimate that more than one million species of plants and animals are associated with coral reefs. Coral reefs are also of great economic importance to those who live on or visit islands in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Reefs shelter and provide nursery grounds for many commercially and culturally important species of fish and invertebrates, they protect the islands' harbors, beaches, and shorelines from erosion and wave damage by storms, and they are vital to the marine tourism industry. These diverse ecosystems provide valuable goods and services worth about $4 billion each year to the U.S.\u2019s coastal communities. Yet, as important as coral reefs are, these ecosystems are being threatened worldwide."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Reef Resource Assessments - Planning for the Future"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Our partners are numerous and include:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Explore the fascinating undersea world of coral reefs. Learn how we map, monitor, and model coral reefs so we can better understand, protect, and preserve our Nation's reefs."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "We are developing a better understanding how tides, waves, currents, and both land- and reef-derived sediment influence the development of coral reefs and their adjacent shorelines."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Climate Change and Land-use Histories"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Please also see the associated Coral Reef Ecosystem Studies (CREST) Project website."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "More than 8,500 square miles (22,000 square kilometers) of coral reef habitat is found in U.S. waters. Most of these coral reefs still appear to be relatively healthy, but some areas of dead and dying coral have been found in recent years. The causes of this degradation are poorly known, but are probably in part related to human activities."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Reef Hydrodynamics and Sediment Processes"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "We are conducting geophysical and geochemical research to address questions about coastal groundwater-to-reef flow and coral reef health, with the goal of informing management decisions related to planning and implementing activities in priority watershed-coral reef systems."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), working closely with academic institutions, state, and other Federal agencies, is spearheading an effort to better understand the geologic and oceanographic controls on the structure and processes of our Nation's coral reef ecosystems."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Role of Reefs in Coastal Protection"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Also, learn about our studies by location:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "This web site is a gateway to USGS studies of coral reefs. We focus on the geophysical processes that influence the health and sustainability of coral reefs. From this work we are gaining new insight into the structure of coral reefs, providing the basis for future monitoring, and understanding better both the influences of natural processes and impacts of human activities on coral reef health. These efforts will help to preserve and protect the biodiversity, health, and social and economic value of these remarkable habitats."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Learn about our current studies by topic."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "We are developing new and unique oceanographic and environmental archives from coral skeleton records to better understand the compounding effects of land-use and environmental change on coral reef health."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "We are combining ocean, engineering, ecologic, social, and economic modeling to provide a high-resolution, rigorous, spatially-explicit valuation of the coastal flood protection benefits provided by coral reefs and the cost effectiveness of reef restoration for enhancing those benefits."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Hydrogeology and Reef Health"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "We are mapping and assessing all of the important geologic and oceanographic factors to identify those coral reefs most at risk and those reefs that are potentially the most resilient and the most likely to recover from natural and human-driven impacts."
   }
 ],
 "funder": {
   "@type": "Organization",
   "name": "Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc"
 },
 "about": [
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Forecasts and Models"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Oceanography"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Habitats"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Information Systems"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Maps and Mapping"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "coral reef monitoring"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Coral Reef Ecosystem Studies"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Nearshore Benthic Habitats"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Sea-Level Rise"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Ocean Resources"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Energy"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Coasts"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Science Technology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Coastal Ecosystems"
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   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Biology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Methods and Analyses"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Ocean Ecosystems"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Environmental Health"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Storm Impacts"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "coral reef communities"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Sediments"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Natural Hazards"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Coastal and Marine Hazards"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "coral reefs"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "coral conservation"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Seafloor Mapping"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Coral Reefs"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Methods and Analysis"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Climate Change Impacts"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "coral reef ecosystems"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Coastal Vulnerability Assessments"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Ecosystem Health"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Ocean"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Geology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Coastal Margins"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Coral Disease"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Climate"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Ecosystems"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "coral reef"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Marine Protected Areas"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Benthic Habitats"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Deep-Sea Corals"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Atolls"
   }
 ]

}