Item talk:Q227166

{

 "@context": "http://schema.org/",
 "@type": "WebPage",
 "additionalType": "Research",
 "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/chesapeake-bay-activities/science/a-case-study-temporal-trends-risk-factors-associated",
 "headline": "A case study of temporal trends in risk factors associated with endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass",
 "datePublished": "December 21, 2022",
 "author": [
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Heather Walsh",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/heather-walsh",
     "identifier": {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "orcid",
       "value": "0000-0001-6392-4604"
     }
   }
 ],
 "description": [
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Issue"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "A unique aspect of the study was to collect both surface-water samples and fish, during multiple seasons over a 7-year period to assess the changes in the life cycle of SMB. Monthly or biweekly analyses of over 300 surface water chemicals with adult SMB fish health assessments in spring (pre-spawn) and fall (recrudescence, when SMB start to prepare for spring spawning) were conducted from 2013\u20132019.  Approximately 20 SMB were collected by MD DNR at each time period and analyzed by the USGS."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The collaborative monitoring program, conducted by the USGS and Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MD DNR) was conducted at a site located near the confluence of Antietam Creek and the Potomac River in Dargan, Maryland (figure 1)."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Several of the reproductive indicators varied over time:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The integration of chemical monitoring with biological effects provided a deeper understanding of risk factors for observed adverse effects in SMB. Some of the major findings included:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The USGS has a long-term research effort that identified endocrine disruption in smallmouth bass (SMB) in the Chesapeake Bay watershed.  Endocrine disruption can cause many changes in fish, including intersex characteristics where fish develop characteristics of the other sex, such as immature eggs forming in males. An overview by USGS of endocrine disruption in fish found the condition downstream of wastewater treatment plants and in watersheds dominated by agricultural land use; however, no single cause or environmental stressor has been directly identified (Blazer and others, 2021).  To better understand the risk factors associated with SMB endocrine disruption, the USGS conducted monitoring and analysis at a site in the Potomac River Basin to assess effects of agricultural land use.  The results from these research efforts are informing several outcomes of the Chesapeake Watershed Agreement, including a better understanding of the occurrence and effects of contaminants, improving water quality, and restoring fish habitat."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The USGS assessment focused on changes in liver and testis gene transcripts associated with reproduction (molecular), changes in microscopic indicators of multiple tissues (cellular), and organismal health indicators such as oganosomatic indices and condition factor (measures of fitness), and visible abnormalities. The study applied a unique set of biological effects indicators to assess endocrine disruption including:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The aim of this study was to learn how exposure to individual and complex contaminant mixtures changes seasonally and annually, particularly during key SMB developmental lifestages, and to identify how biological indicators at the molecular, cellular, tissue, individual, and SMB population levels respond to these exposures.  In particular, the SMB population at Dargan, Maryland has significantly declined over the past decade and more than half of the land use in this area is either agriculture or development."
   }
 ],
 "funder": {
   "@type": "Organization",
   "name": "Chesapeake Bay Activities",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/chesapeake-bay-activities"
 },
 "about": [
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Walsh"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Information Systems"
   },
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     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Disease and Environmental Stress"
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     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Methods and Analysis"
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     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Geology"
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     "name": "Energy"
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     "name": "Environmental Health"
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   {
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     "name": "Water"
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   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Fish Health and Toxic Contaminants"
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   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Fish, Streams, and Water Quality"
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     "name": "Chesapeake Bay"
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     "name": "Fish and Wildlife Disease"
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   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Fish and Wildlife Disease Investigation and  Surveillance"
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     "name": "Endocrine Disruption"
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