Item talk:Q227150

{

 "@context": "http://schema.org/",
 "@type": "WebPage",
 "additionalType": "Project",
 "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/southwest-biological-science-center/science/genetics-western-restoration-and-conservation",
 "headline": "Genetics for Western Restoration and Conservation (GWRC)",
 "datePublished": "January 31, 2023",
 "author": [
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Rob Massatti, Ph.D.",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/rob-massatti",
     "identifier": {
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       "value": "0000-0001-5854-5597"
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 ],
 "description": [
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Genetically appropriate native plant seeds are adapted to survive and reproduce in the habitats where they are used and support other organisms in the local community."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "While common and widespread species often have high genetic diversity, rare species are vulnerable to inbreeding and chance events (for example, a natural disturbance that impacts a large part of a species\u2019 distribution), which may lead to a disproportionate loss of genetic diversity."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Genetic research may also look at an organism\u2019s physical traits to understand if and how they are passed from parents to offspring. Both types of research help address questions such as: How are species related to one another?; How often do populations within a species breed with one another?; What physical traits help individuals to survive in their habitat?; How have species responded to past climatic changes, and what does this tell us about how they may respond to future changes?"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Click here to find out more about the application of genetics and genomics to restoration projects."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Contemporary disturbances such as severe drought and high grazing pressures continue to cause changes in species\u2019 distributions and population sizes. Couple these with increasing human pressures and negative impacts from exotic species, and it is evident that the western US has an increasing need for conservation measures supporting existing biological diversity and restoration for the species and ecosystem functions that have been degraded or lost."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "While there are many challenges to achieving successful restoration outcomes, a fundamental component is using genetically appropriate native plant restoration materials."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Moreover, larger and more frequent disturbances have increased the rate of degradation of dryland plant communities and, hence, the need for their restoration."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The GWRC group studies genomic variation of rare and threatened species across this region in unprecedented detail. Research approaches capitalize on state-of-the-art genome sequencing technologies and advanced bioinformatic and analytical tools to 1) identify relevant biological units for management, 2) infer evolutionary and ecological processes shaping genomic variation across species\u2019 distributions, and 3) develop informed strategies to preserve or increase the genomic health of plant and animal populations."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Genomic variation (i.e., variation in DNA sequence or structure across the individuals of a species) is a crucial component of a species\u2019 ability to thrive throughout its native habitat and adapt to future challenges (e.g., diseases, changing climates, and human disturbances)."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The western United States (US) encompasses dynamic landscapes that span tremendous climatological and ecological gradients."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Such research provides crucial knowledge when seeking successful restoration and conservation outcomes. Research by the Genetics for Western Restoration and Conservation (GWRC) group addresses these needs both for species of conservation concern and for common species that are the workhorses for restoration of degraded lands across the western United States."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Loss of genetic diversity may compromise a species\u2019 genetic \u2018health\u2019, leaving them vulnerable to local extirpation or complete extinction."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The western United States hosts a wide diversity of rare and endemic species facing threats from ongoing drought and increasing extreme temperatures to habitat destruction and the spread of invasive species."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Click here to find out more about the application of genomics to conservation projects."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Research using genetic principles, methods, and data provides critical information for restoration and conservation science. Genetic research may rely only upon genomic sequencing techniques, which generate abundant, genome-wide DNA sequences that can provide a glimpse into a species\u2019 evolutionary history and adaptations."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Especially across lower elevations, landscapes are hot, dry, and subject to unpredictable precipitation; such landscapes with dryland environments dominate the western US and are disproportionately managed by the Department of Interior and other federal agencies."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Furthermore, the region\u2019s complex topography has shaped species\u2019 patterns of morphological and genetic variation due to their responses to historical events like glaciations that occurred more than 20,000 years ago."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Such processes help explain the abundance of regionally unique species, some of which have extremely restricted distributions."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Dryland ecosystems cover more than one third of Earth\u2019s land surface, are home to nearly 3 billion people, and are rapidly expanding in response to climate change and other human pressures."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "In addition, they represent natural patterns of genetic variation present in conspecifics at a restoration site. Genetic variation is an important component of biodiversity to conserve because it increases ecosystem resilience (the ability to bounce back after a disturbance), the healthy functioning of local communities, and provides a reservoir of unique solutions to help species and their populations adapt to future changes."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Restoring drylands across the western United States is notoriously challenging due to highly variable and unpredictable precipitation."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The GWRC group conducts both field-based (i.e., phenotypic, or trait-based) experiments and landscape genomic analyses to support native plant materials development and the appropriate transfer of native plant materials across the western United States."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "\u2018Native plant restoration material\u2019 describes many types of products used in restoration treatments, but they are most commonly represented by native plant seeds produced in large quantities on farms."
   }
 ],
 "funder": {
   "@type": "Organization",
   "name": "Southwest Biological Science Center",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/southwest-biological-science-center"
 },
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     "name": "Land Use and Energy Development"
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   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Information Systems"
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   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Climate Change and Drought"
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     "name": "Adaptive Management"
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     "name": "Erosion"
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     "name": "Energy"
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   {
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     "name": "Plants"
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     "name": "Terrestrial Ecosystems and Restoration"
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     "name": "native plant materials"
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}