Item talk:Q66127
From geokb
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"name": "Chlorine degassing during the lava dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2005",
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"abstract": "Remote measurements of volcanic gases from the \nMount St. Helens lava dome were carried out using OpenPath Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy on August 31, \n2005. Measurements were performed at a site ~1 km from \nthe lava dome, which was used as a source of IR radiation. \nOn average, during the period of measurement, the volcanic \ngas contained 99 mol percent H2\nO, 0.78 percent CO2\n, 0.095 \npercent HCl, 0.085 percent SO2\n, 0.027 percent HF, 4.8\u00d710-4\npercent CO, and 2.5\u00d710-4 percent COS close to the active \nvent. The fluxes of these species, constrained by synchronous \nmeasurements of SO2\n flux, were 7,200 t/d H2\nO, 140 t/d CO2\n, \n22 t/d SO2\n, 14 t/d HCl, 2.0 t/d HF, 54 kg/d CO, and 59 kg/d \nCOS, \u00b120 percent. Observations of H2\nO/Cl in the vapor and \nmelt are compared to models of closed- and open-system \ndegassing and to models where a closed system dominates \nto depths as shallow as ~1 km, and gases are then allowed \nto escape through a permeable bubble network. Although \nseveral features are consistent with this model--for example, \n(1) H2\nO/Cl in the gases emitted from stagnant parts of the \nlava dome, (2) the concentration of Cl in the matrix glass of \nerupted dacite, and (3) the glass H2\nO/Cl--the gases emitted \nfrom the active part of the lava dome have much higher H2\nO/\nCl than expected. These higher H2\nO/Cl levels result from \na combination of two factors (1) the addition of substantial \namounts of ground water or glacier-derived H2\nO to the gases \nat shallow depths, such that only ~10 mol percent of the measured H2\nO is magmatic, and (or) (2) some Cl present as alkali \nchloride (NaCl and KCl) in the gas phase. The mean molar \nCl/S is similar to gases measured at other silicic subductionzone volcanoes during effusive activity; this may be due to the influence of Cl in the vapor on S solubility in the melt, \nwhich produces a solubility maximum for S at vapor Cl/S ~1.",
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