Item talk:Q66124

From geokb

{

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     "name": "Analysis of GPS-measured deformation associated with the 2004-2006 dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington",
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     "abstract": "Detecting far-field deformation at Mount St. Helens \nsince the crater-forming landslide and blast in 1980 has been \ndifficult despite frequent volcanic activity and improved \nmonitoring techniques. Between 1982 and 1991, the systematic extension of line lengths in a regional GPS trilateration network is consistent with recharge of a deep magma \nchamber during that interval. The rate of extension, however, \naverages only 3 mm/yr, and some of this apparent deformation may result from systematic scale error in the electronic \ndistance measurements. Subsequent GPS surveys and data \nfrom a continuous GPS station, located 9 km north of Mount \nSt. Helens and operating since 1997, show no significant \nvolcanic deformation until the start of unrest on September \n23, 2004. The current eruption has been accompanied by \nsubtle but widespread inward and downward movement of \nGPS monitoring stations, exponentially decreasing with time \nand totaling as much as 30 mm. The observed deformation is \nconsistent with the predictions of an elastic half-space model \nof a vertically elongate magma chamber with its center at \na depth of around 7 to 8 km and with a total cavity-volume \nloss of about 16\u201324\u00d7106 m3\n. The discrepancy between the \nestimated cavity-volume loss and the >83\u00d7106-m3\n volume \nof the erupted dome can be explained, for the most part, by \nexsolution of gas in the stored magma and by minor input of \nnew magma during the eruption.",
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