Item talk:Q66122
From geokb
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"name": "Identification and evolution of the juvenile component in 2004-2005 Mount St. Helens ash",
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"abstract": "Petrologic studies of volcanic ash are commonly used \nto identify juvenile volcanic material and observe changes in \nthe composition and style of volcanic eruptions. During the \n2004-5 eruption of Mount St. Helens, recognition of the juvenile component in ash produced by early phreatic explosions \nwas complicated by the presence of a substantial proportion \nof 1980-86 lava-dome fragments and glassy tephra, in addition to older volcanic fragments possibly derived from crater \ndebris. In this report, we correlate groundmass textures and \ncompositions of glass, mafic phases, and feldspar from 2004-5 \nash in an attempt to identify juvenile material in early phreatic \nexplosions and to distinguish among the various processes that \ngenerate and distribute ash. We conclude that clean glass in the \nash is derived mostly from nonjuvenile sources and is not particularly useful for identifying the proportion of juvenile material in ash samples. High Li contents (>30 \u03bcg/g) in feldspars \nprovide a useful tracer for juvenile material and suggest an \nincrease in the proportion of the juvenile component between \nOctober 1 and October 4, 2004, before the emergence of hot \ndacite on the surface of the crater on October 11, 2004. The \npresence of Li-rich feldspar out of equilibrium (based on Liplagioclase/melt partitioning) with groundmass and bulk dacite early in the eruption also suggests vapor enrichment in the \ninitially erupted dacite. If an excess vapor phase was, indeed, \npresent, it may have provided a catalyst to initiate the eruption. \nTextural and compositional comparisons between dome fault \ngouge and the ash produced by rockfalls, rock avalanches, and vent explosions indicate that the fault gouge is a likely source \nof ash particles for both types of events. Comparison of the \nash from vent explosions and rockfalls suggests that the fault \ngouge and new dome were initially heterogeneous, containing \na mixture of conduit and crater debris and juvenile material, \nbut became increasingly homogeneous, dominated by juvenile \nmaterial, by early January 2005.",
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