Item talk:Q306567

From geokb

{

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   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Acute toxicity and clotting times of anticoagulant rodenticides to red-toothed (Odonus niger) and black (Melichthys niger) triggerfish, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)",
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   "abstract": "Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) areused in rateradication e\ufb00orts on island wildlife refuges. ARbait pellets can get into coralreefareasduring broadcasting and leadto exposure ofnon-target organisms, such as marine \ufb01shes. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of representative saltwater \ufb01shes, Red-toothed trigger\ufb01sh (Odonus niger) and Black trigger\ufb01sh (Melichthys niger), and common freshwater \ufb01shes, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to \ufb01rst generation ARs, diphacinone (DPN) and chlorophacinone (CPN), as well as a second-generation AR, brodifacoum (BROD). Acute toxicity of ARs was evaluated by single dose, intraperitoneal injections. The median lethal dose (LD50) ranges were 137\u2212175\u03bcg DPN/g, 155\u2212182\u03bcg CPN/g, and 36\u221248\u03bcg BROD/g for Red-toothed trigger\ufb01sh and 90\u2212122\u03bcg DPN/g, 125\u2212164\u03bcg CPN/g, and 50\u221275\u03bcg BROD/g for black trigger\ufb01sh. Laboratory surrogate test \ufb01sh species fathead minnow and largemouth bass were of similar sensitivity toward AR-induced toxicity compared to trigger\ufb01sh based on LD50 values. Sublethal e\ufb00ects on elevated clotting time occurred in dose-dependent fashion in all \ufb01sh tested. Fish appear to have low sensitivity to AR chemicals as compared to other taxa, in particular mammals and birds, based on across-taxa comparisons of species sensitivity distributions of whole body, single dose acute lethality (LD50 values). The sensitivity of \ufb01sh to waterborne exposures of ARs has yet to be fully evaluated and indeed may prove more hazardous to \ufb01sh.",
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