Item talk:Q305069
From geokb
{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"additionalType": "Journal Article",
"name": "The precarious position of wildlife conservation funding in the United States",
"identifier": [
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
"value": "70220305",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70220305"
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
"value": 70220305
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1080/10871209.2021.1904307",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1904307"
}
],
"journal": {
"@type": "Periodical",
"name": "Human Dimensions of Wildlife",
"volumeNumber": "27",
"issueNumber": "2"
},
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": [
{
"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
"name": "Human Dimensions of Wildlife"
}
],
"datePublished": "2022",
"dateModified": "2022-03-15",
"abstract": "The Pittman-Robertson Act was established in 1937 to fund state-based wildlife conservation through an existing excise tax on sporting arms and ammunition. Because these items were purchased mostly by hunters at the time, they were the user group primarily funding wildlife conservation. Subsequent amendments to Pittman-Robertson expanded the taxable items to include pistols, revolvers, and archery equipment, effectively broadening the pool of conservation funding contributors to include non-hunters. The continuing trends of declining hunting participation, increasing handgun sales for non-hunting purposes, and increasing sport shooting and target archery independent of hunting, mean that non-hunters are contributing a disproportionately greater amount to Pittman-Robertson funding than hunters, and therefore contributing more to wildlife conservation. The evolving sources of revenue to Pittman-Robertson pose several threats to this historically important source of conservation funding. Addressing them may require new funding coalitions and outreach describing the conservation benefits and outcomes of Pittman-Robertson funding.",
"description": "9 p.",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Taylor & Francis"
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Organ, John F. jorgan@usgs.gov",
"givenName": "John F.",
"familyName": "Organ",
"email": "jorgan@usgs.gov",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0002-0959-0639",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-0639"
},
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Coop Res Unit Seattle",
"url": "https://www1.usgs.gov/coopunits/unit/Washington"
},
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Coop Res Unit Leetown",
"url": "https://www1.usgs.gov/coopunits/unit/Virginia"
},
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Coop Res Unit Atlanta",
"url": "https://www1.usgs.gov/coopunits/unit/Georgia"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Austen, Douglas S.",
"givenName": "Douglas S.",
"familyName": "Austen",
"affiliation": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "American Fisheries Society"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Beppler, Tom",
"givenName": "Tom",
"familyName": "Beppler"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Duda, Mark D.",
"givenName": "Mark D.",
"familyName": "Duda"
}
],
"funder": [
{
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Coop Res Unit Atlanta",
"url": "https://www1.usgs.gov/coopunits/unit/Georgia"
}
],
"spatialCoverage": [
{
"@type": "Place",
"additionalType": "country",
"name": "United States",
"url": "https://geonames.org/4074035"
}
]
},
"OpenAlex": {
"_id": "https://openalex.org/w3158701594",
"abstract_inverted_index": {
"The": [
0,
68,
112
],
"Pittman-Robertson": [
1,
45,
101,
118,
146
],
"Act": [
2
],
"was": [
3
],
"established": [
4
],
"in": [
5
],
"1937": [
6
],
"to": [
7,
44,
50,
65,
100,
109,
117,
122
],
"fund": [
8
],
"state-based": [
9
],
"wildlife": [
10,
40,
110
],
"conservation": [
11,
62,
128,
141
],
"through": [
12
],
"an": [
13
],
"existing": [
14
],
"excise": [
15
],
"tax": [
16
],
"on": [
17
],
"sporting": [
18
],
"arms": [
19
],
"and": [
20,
54,
81,
85,
105,
137,
143
],
"ammunition.": [
21
],
"Because": [
22
],
"these": [
23
],
"items": [
24,
49
],
"were": [
25,
34
],
"purchased": [
26
],
"mostly": [
27
],
"by": [
28
],
"hunters": [
29
],
"at": [
30
],
"the": [
31,
35,
47,
59,
140
],
"time,": [
32
],
"they": [
33
],
"user": [
36
],
"group": [
37
],
"primarily": [
38
],
"funding": [
39,
63,
102,
135
],
"conservation.": [
41,
111
],
"Subsequent": [
42
],
"amendments": [
43
],
"expanded": [
46
],
"taxable": [
48
],
"include": [
51,
66
],
"pistols,": [
52
],
"revolvers,": [
53
],
"archery": [
55,
87
],
"equipment,": [
56
],
"effectively": [
57
],
"broadening": [
58
],
"pool": [
60
],
"of": [
61,
71,
89,
115,
127,
145
],
"contributors": [
64
],
"non-hunters.": [
67
],
"continuing": [
69
],
"trends": [
70
],
"declining": [
72
],
"hunting": [
73
],
"participation,": [
74
],
"increasing": [
75,
82
],
"handgun": [
76
],
"sales": [
77
],
"for": [
78
],
"non-hunting": [
79
],
"purposes,": [
80
],
"sport": [
83
],
"shooting": [
84
],
"target": [
86
],
"independent": [
88
],
"hunting,": [
90
],
"mean": [
91
],
"that": [
92
],
"non-hunters": [
93
],
"are": [
94
],
"contributing": [
95,
107
],
"a": [
96
],
"disproportionately": [
97
],
"greater": [
98
],
"amount": [
99
],
"than": [
103
],
"hunters,": [
104
],
"therefore": [
106
],
"more": [
108
],
"evolving": [
113
],
"sources": [
114
],
"revenue": [
116
],
"pose": [
119
],
"several": [
120
],
"threats": [
121
],
"this": [
123
],
"historically": [
124
],
"important": [
125
],
"source": [
126
],
"funding.": [
129,
147
],
"Addressing": [
130
],
"them": [
131
],
"may": [
132
],
"require": [
133
],
"new": [
134
],
"coalitions": [
136
],
"outreach": [
138
],
"describing": [
139
],
"benefits": [
142
],
"outcomes": [
144
]
},
"apc_list": null,
"apc_paid": null,
"authorships": [
{
"author_position": "first",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5040560916",
"display_name": "Mark Duda",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": true,
"raw_author_name": "Mark Damian Duda",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Responsive Management, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Responsive Management, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA",
"institution_ids": []
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5020544968",
"display_name": "Tom Beppler",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Tom Beppler",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Responsive Management, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Responsive Management, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA",
"institution_ids": []
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013877911",
"display_name": "Douglas Austen",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I4210158312",
"display_name": "American Fisheries Society",
"ror": "https://ror.org/05906sn23",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "other",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I4210158312"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "Douglas J. Austen",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I4210158312"
]
}
]
},
{
"author_position": "last",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5000426764",
"display_name": "John F. Organ",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-0639"
},
"institutions": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
"ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
"country_code": "US",
"type": "government",
"lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
"https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
]
}
],
"countries": [
"US"
],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "John F. Organ",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [
"Scientist Emeritus, U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units, Reston, Virginia, USA"
],
"affiliations": [
{
"raw_affiliation_string": "Scientist Emeritus, U.S. Geological Survey, Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Units, Reston, Virginia, USA",
"institution_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
]
}
]
}
],
"best_oa_location": null,
"biblio": {
"volume": "27",
"issue": "2",
"first_page": "164",
"last_page": "172"
},
"citation_normalized_percentile": {
"value": 0.999949,
"is_in_top_1_percent": true,
"is_in_top_10_percent": true
},
"cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3158701594",
"cited_by_count": 15,
"cited_by_percentile_year": {
"min": 92,
"max": 93
},
"concepts": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C29376679",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741",
"display_name": "Wildlife",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.79790115
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C147366489",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766328",
"display_name": "Wildlife conservation",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.6652957
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C2781400479",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11640",
"display_name": "Outreach",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.60802734
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C195487862",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210",
"display_name": "Revenue",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.5530367
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C144133560",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453",
"display_name": "Business",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.5378835
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C166548495",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580178",
"display_name": "Wildlife management",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.48487243
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C110269972",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184872",
"display_name": "Recreation",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.47460622
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C198082294",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648",
"display_name": "Position (finance)",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.45325878
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C179345059",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11394",
"display_name": "Endangered species",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.44421628
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C91375879",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274",
"display_name": "Environmental planning",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.38072142
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C205649164",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071",
"display_name": "Geography",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.3535276
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C175605778",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701",
"display_name": "Natural resource economics",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.33646286
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C17744445",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442",
"display_name": "Political science",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.28640464
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C10138342",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015",
"display_name": "Finance",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.25183633
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C50522688",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833",
"display_name": "Economic growth",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.2494264
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C162324750",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134",
"display_name": "Economics",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.21054223
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C18903297",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150",
"display_name": "Ecology",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.144847
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C185933670",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105",
"display_name": "Habitat",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.09369862
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C86803240",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420",
"display_name": "Biology",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.0
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/C199539241",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748",
"display_name": "Law",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0
}
],
"corresponding_author_ids": [
"https://openalex.org/A5040560916"
],
"corresponding_institution_ids": [],
"countries_distinct_count": 1,
"counts_by_year": [
{
"year": 2024,
"cited_by_count": 4
},
{
"year": 2023,
"cited_by_count": 6
},
{
"year": 2022,
"cited_by_count": 3
},
{
"year": 2021,
"cited_by_count": 2
}
],
"created_date": "2021-05-10",
"datasets": [],
"display_name": "The precarious position of wildlife conservation funding in the United States",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1904307",
"fwci": 2.07,
"grants": [],
"has_fulltext": false,
"id": "https://openalex.org/W3158701594",
"ids": {
"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3158701594",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1904307",
"mag": "3158701594"
},
"indexed_in": [
"crossref"
],
"institutions_distinct_count": 2,
"is_paratext": false,
"is_retracted": false,
"keywords": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/outreach",
"display_name": "Outreach",
"score": 0.60802734
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/protected-areas",
"display_name": "Protected Areas",
"score": 0.460499
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/position",
"display_name": "Position (finance)",
"score": 0.45325878
}
],
"language": "en",
"locations": [
{
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1904307",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S44811269",
"display_name": "Human Dimensions of Wildlife",
"issn_l": "1087-1209",
"issn": [
"1087-1209",
"1533-158X"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547",
"host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310320547"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"Taylor & Francis"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": null,
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
}
],
"locations_count": 1,
"mesh": [],
"ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W3158701594/ngrams",
"open_access": {
"is_oa": false,
"oa_status": "closed",
"oa_url": null,
"any_repository_has_fulltext": false
},
"primary_location": {
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2021.1904307",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S44811269",
"display_name": "Human Dimensions of Wildlife",
"issn_l": "1087-1209",
"issn": [
"1087-1209",
"1533-158X"
],
"is_oa": false,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320547",
"host_organization_name": "Taylor & Francis",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310320547"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"Taylor & Francis"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": null,
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
},
"primary_topic": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10199",
"display_name": "Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Biology",
"score": 0.9976,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303",
"display_name": "Ecology"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
"publication_date": "2021-05-02",
"publication_year": 2021,
"referenced_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W2122520336",
"https://openalex.org/W2151596528"
],
"referenced_works_count": 2,
"related_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W634588095",
"https://openalex.org/W4285256637",
"https://openalex.org/W2989963757",
"https://openalex.org/W2943873489",
"https://openalex.org/W2112144887",
"https://openalex.org/W2074345229",
"https://openalex.org/W2052839612",
"https://openalex.org/W2012374246",
"https://openalex.org/W1990742764",
"https://openalex.org/W1980323938"
],
"sustainable_development_goals": [
{
"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15",
"display_name": "Life on land",
"score": 0.76
}
],
"title": "The precarious position of wildlife conservation funding in the United States",
"topics": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10199",
"display_name": "Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Biology",
"score": 0.9976,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2303",
"display_name": "Ecology"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10841",
"display_name": "Discrete Choice Models in Economics and Health Care",
"score": 0.9879,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2002",
"display_name": "Economics and Econometrics"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/20",
"display_name": "Economics, Econometrics and Finance"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2",
"display_name": "Social Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10319",
"display_name": "Drivers and Impacts of Tropical Deforestation",
"score": 0.9856,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2306",
"display_name": "Global and Planetary Change"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
"display_name": "Environmental Science"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
}
],
"type": "article",
"type_crossref": "journal-article",
"updated_date": "2024-08-15T12:48:28.009525",
"versions": []
}
}
