Item talk:Q257868

From geokb

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Groundwater development leads to decreasing arsenic concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley, California",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "70218003",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70218003"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 70218003
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145223",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145223"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Science of the Total Environment",
     "volumeNumber": "771",
     "issueNumber": null
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Science of the Total Environment"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2021",
   "dateModified": "2021-05-04",
   "abstract": "In the San Joaquin Valley (SJV), California, about 10% of drinking water wells since 2010 had arsenic concentrations above the US maximum contaminant level of 10\u00a0\u03bcg/L. High concentrations of arsenic are often associated with high pH (greater than 7.8) or reduced geochemical conditions. Although most wells have low arsenic (<3\u00a0\u03bcg/L) and do not have changing arsenic concentrations, this study found that most wells with concentrations above 10\u00a0\u03bcg/L had arsenic trends. Overall, about 24% of wells had time-series trends since 2010 and 59% had paired-sample trends since 2000. Most wells had decreasing arsenic trends, even in wells with higher arsenic concentrations. These wells often had co-detections of increasing nitrate and sulfate trends that reflect oxic groundwater likely derived from agricultural recharge. Wells with increasing arsenic trends were deeper or located in the valley trough where aquifer materials are more fine-grained and where reducing conditions favor arsenic mobility. Wells with arsenic trends also tend to be clustered near areas of higher well density. Groundwater pumping in these areas has likely increased the contribution of younger, more oxic groundwater in wells with declining arsenic or, less frequently, increased the contribution of higher pH or reduced groundwater in wells with rising arsenic. Projections of arsenic trends indicate that 37 wells with high arsenic presently will be below 10\u00a0\u03bcg/L in ten years. Unfortunately, these improvements will be largely offset by 31 wells that are expected to increase above 10\u00a0\u03bcg/L in addition to expected rises in nitrate in wells where arsenic decreased. This study shows how human-altered flow systems can impact the natural geochemical character of water in both beneficial and deleterious ways.",
   "description": "145223, 14 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "Elsevier"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Haugen, Emily A.",
       "givenName": "Emily A.",
       "familyName": "Haugen",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-0263-9911",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0263-9911"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "California Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Jurgens, Bryant",
       "givenName": "Bryant",
       "familyName": "Jurgens",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-1572-113X",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "California Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Arroyo-Lopez, Jose Alfredo",
       "givenName": "Jose Alfredo",
       "familyName": "Arroyo-Lopez",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-7835-2730",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-2730"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "California Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Bennett V, George L. georbenn@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "George L.",
       "familyName": "Bennett V",
       "email": "georbenn@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-6239-1604",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "California Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center"
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "funder": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "California Water Science Center",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center"
     }
   ],
   "spatialCoverage": [
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "country",
       "name": "United States",
       "url": "https://geonames.org/4074035"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "state",
       "name": "California"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "unknown",
       "name": "San Joaquin Valley",
       "url": "https://geonames.org/5392166"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "geo": [
         {
           "@type": "GeoShape",
           "additionalProperty": {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "name": "GeoJSON",
             "value": {
               "type": "FeatureCollection",
               "features": [
                 {
                   "type": "Feature",
                   "properties": {},
                   "geometry": {
                     "type": "Polygon",
                     "coordinates": [
                       [
                         [
                           -119.16870117187501,
                           35.092945313732635
                         ],
                         [
                           -118.54248046874999,
                           35.71975793933433
                         ],
                         [
                           -119.5751953125,
                           37.23907530202184
                         ],
                         [
                           -121.387939453125,
                           39.07890809706475
                         ],
                         [
                           -121.56372070312499,
                           39.40224434029275
                         ],
                         [
                           -122.574462890625,
                           39.223742741391305
                         ],
                         [
                           -121.761474609375,
                           38.12591462924157
                         ],
                         [
                           -121.14624023437499,
                           37.47485808497102
                         ],
                         [
                           -120.465087890625,
                           36.518465989675875
                         ],
                         [
                           -120.21240234375001,
                           35.88905007936091
                         ],
                         [
                           -119.674072265625,
                           35.263561862152095
                         ],
                         [
                           -119.16870117187501,
                           35.092945313732635
                         ]
                       ]
                     ]
                   }
                 }
               ]
             }
           }
         },
         {
           "@type": "GeoCoordinates",
           "latitude": 37.21788325004829,
           "longitude": -120.39870823399202
         }
       ]
     }
   ]
 },
 "OpenAlex": {
   "_id": "https://openalex.org/w3124802250",
   "abstract_inverted_index": {
     "In": [
       0
     ],
     "the": [
       1,
       19,
       133,
       172,
       188,
       260
     ],
     "San": [
       2
     ],
     "Joaquin": [
       3
     ],
     "Valley": [
       4
     ],
     "(SJV),": [
       5
     ],
     "California,": [
       6
     ],
     "about": [
       7,
       74
     ],
     "10%": [
       8
     ],
     "of": [
       9,
       24,
       29,
       76,
       108,
       160,
       174,
       190,
       202,
       264
     ],
     "drinking": [
       10
     ],
     "water": [
       11,
       265
     ],
     "wells": [
       12,
       46,
       64,
       77,
       91,
       98,
       104,
       180,
       197,
       208,
       230,
       247
     ],
     "since": [
       13,
       81,
       88
     ],
     "2010": [
       14,
       82
     ],
     "had": [
       15,
       70,
       78,
       85,
       92,
       106
     ],
     "arsenic": [
       16,
       30,
       49,
       57,
       71,
       94,
       101,
       126,
       147,
       151,
       183,
       203,
       211,
       249
     ],
     "concentrations": [
       17,
       28,
       66
     ],
     "above": [
       18,
       67,
       236
     ],
     "US": [
       20
     ],
     "maximum": [
       21
     ],
     "contaminant": [
       22
     ],
     "level": [
       23
     ],
     "10": [
       25,
       68,
       216,
       237
     ],
     "\u03bcg/L.": [
       26
     ],
     "High": [
       27
     ],
     "are": [
       31,
       139,
       232
     ],
     "often": [
       32,
       105
     ],
     "associated": [
       33
     ],
     "with": [
       34,
       65,
       99,
       124,
       150,
       181,
       198,
       209
     ],
     "high": [
       35,
       210
     ],
     "pH": [
       36,
       192
     ],
     "(greater": [
       37
     ],
     "than": [
       38
     ],
     "7.8)": [
       39
     ],
     "or": [
       40,
       130,
       193
     ],
     "reduced": [
       41,
       194
     ],
     "geochemical": [
       42,
       262
     ],
     "conditions.": [
       43
     ],
     "Although": [
       44
     ],
     "most": [
       45,
       63
     ],
     "have": [
       47,
       55
     ],
     "low": [
       48
     ],
     "(<3": [
       50
     ],
     "\u03bcg/L)": [
       51
     ],
     "and": [
       52,
       83,
       111,
       142,
       269
     ],
     "do": [
       53
     ],
     "not": [
       54
     ],
     "changing": [
       56
     ],
     "concentrations,": [
       58
     ],
     "this": [
       59
     ],
     "study": [
       60,
       252
     ],
     "found": [
       61
     ],
     "that": [
       62,
       114,
       206,
       231
     ],
     "\u03bcg/L": [
       69,
       217,
       238
     ],
     "trends.": [
       72
     ],
     "Overall,": [
       73
     ],
     "24%": [
       75
     ],
     "time-series": [
       79
     ],
     "trends": [
       80,
       87,
       113,
       127,
       152,
       204
     ],
     "59%": [
       84
     ],
     "paired-sample": [
       86
     ],
     "2000.": [
       89
     ],
     "Most": [
       90
     ],
     "decreasing": [
       93
     ],
     "trends,": [
       95
     ],
     "even": [
       96
     ],
     "in": [
       97,
       132,
       166,
       179,
       196,
       218,
       239,
       244,
       246,
       266
     ],
     "higher": [
       100,
       161,
       191
     ],
     "concentrations.": [
       102
     ],
     "These": [
       103
     ],
     "co-detections": [
       107
     ],
     "increasing": [
       109,
       125
     ],
     "nitrate": [
       110,
       245
     ],
     "sulfate": [
       112
     ],
     "reflect": [
       115
     ],
     "oxic": [
       116,
       177
     ],
     "groundwater": [
       117,
       178,
       195
     ],
     "likely": [
       118,
       170
     ],
     "derived": [
       119
     ],
     "from": [
       120
     ],
     "agricultural": [
       121
     ],
     "recharge.": [
       122
     ],
     "Wells": [
       123,
       149
     ],
     "were": [
       128
     ],
     "deeper": [
       129
     ],
     "located": [
       131
     ],
     "valley": [
       134
     ],
     "trough": [
       135
     ],
     "where": [
       136,
       143,
       248
     ],
     "aquifer": [
       137
     ],
     "materials": [
       138
     ],
     "more": [
       140,
       176
     ],
     "fine-grained": [
       141
     ],
     "reducing": [
       144
     ],
     "conditions": [
       145
     ],
     "favor": [
       146
     ],
     "mobility.": [
       148
     ],
     "also": [
       153
     ],
     "tend": [
       154
     ],
     "to": [
       155,
       234,
       241
     ],
     "be": [
       156,
       214,
       225
     ],
     "clustered": [
       157
     ],
     "near": [
       158
     ],
     "areas": [
       159,
       168
     ],
     "well": [
       162
     ],
     "density.": [
       163
     ],
     "Groundwater": [
       164
     ],
     "pumping": [
       165
     ],
     "these": [
       167,
       222
     ],
     "has": [
       169
     ],
     "increased": [
       171,
       187
     ],
     "contribution": [
       173,
       189
     ],
     "younger,": [
       175
     ],
     "declining": [
       182
     ],
     "or,": [
       184
     ],
     "less": [
       185
     ],
     "frequently,": [
       186
     ],
     "rising": [
       199
     ],
     "arsenic.": [
       200
     ],
     "Projections": [
       201
     ],
     "indicate": [
       205
     ],
     "37": [
       207
     ],
     "presently": [
       212
     ],
     "will": [
       213,
       224
     ],
     "below": [
       215
     ],
     "ten": [
       219
     ],
     "years.": [
       220
     ],
     "Unfortunately,": [
       221
     ],
     "improvements": [
       223
     ],
     "largely": [
       226
     ],
     "offset": [
       227
     ],
     "by": [
       228
     ],
     "31": [
       229
     ],
     "expected": [
       233,
       242
     ],
     "increase": [
       235
     ],
     "addition": [
       240
     ],
     "rises": [
       243
     ],
     "decreased.": [
       250
     ],
     "This": [
       251
     ],
     "shows": [
       253
     ],
     "how": [
       254
     ],
     "human-altered": [
       255
     ],
     "flow": [
       256
     ],
     "systems": [
       257
     ],
     "can": [
       258
     ],
     "impact": [
       259
     ],
     "natural": [
       261
     ],
     "character": [
       263
     ],
     "both": [
       267
     ],
     "beneficial": [
       268
     ],
     "deleterious": [
       270
     ],
     "ways.": [
       271
     ]
   },
   "apc_list": {
     "value": 3870,
     "currency": "USD",
     "value_usd": 3870,
     "provenance": "doaj"
   },
   "apc_paid": {
     "value": 3870,
     "currency": "USD",
     "value_usd": 3870,
     "provenance": "doaj"
   },
   "authorships": [
     {
       "author_position": "first",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5035575657",
         "display_name": "Emily Haugen",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0263-9911"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": true,
       "raw_author_name": "Emily A. Haugen",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA, United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA, United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5083652209",
         "display_name": "Bryant C. Jurgens",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Bryant C. Jurgens",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA, United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA, United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5036899377",
         "display_name": "Jose A. Arroyo\u2010Lopez",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-2730"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Jose A. Arroyo-Lopez",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA, United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA, United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "last",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5002194113",
         "display_name": "George L. Bennett",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "George L. Bennett",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA, United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA, United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "best_oa_location": {
     "is_oa": true,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145223",
     "pdf_url": null,
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S86852077",
       "display_name": "The Science of The Total Environment",
       "issn_l": "0048-9697",
       "issn": [
         "0048-9697",
         "1879-1026"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": true,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
       "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "Elsevier BV"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": "cc-by-nc-nd",
     "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd",
     "version": "publishedVersion",
     "is_accepted": true,
     "is_published": true
   },
   "biblio": {
     "volume": "771",
     "issue": null,
     "first_page": "145223",
     "last_page": "145223"
   },
   "citation_normalized_percentile": {
     "value": 0.999803,
     "is_in_top_1_percent": true,
     "is_in_top_10_percent": true
   },
   "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3124802250",
   "cited_by_count": 17,
   "cited_by_percentile_year": {
     "min": 93,
     "max": 94
   },
   "concepts": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C502230775",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871",
       "display_name": "Arsenic",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.92279875
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C174030287",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7414381",
       "display_name": "San Joaquin",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.84144944
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C76177295",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598",
       "display_name": "Groundwater",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.76384413
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C75622301",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791",
       "display_name": "Aquifer",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.6842603
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C118416809",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43483",
       "display_name": "Water well",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.67548096
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C132165134",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4796457",
       "display_name": "Arsenic contamination of groundwater",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.5576637
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776384668",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168",
       "display_name": "Nitrate",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.50661457
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C39432304",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847",
       "display_name": "Environmental science",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.4782749
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C2776695260",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795843",
       "display_name": "Maximum Contaminant Level",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.46762782
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C76886044",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300",
       "display_name": "Hydrology (agriculture)",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.460713
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C174091901",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670986",
       "display_name": "Groundwater recharge",
       "level": 4,
       "score": 0.45167556
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C107872376",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355",
       "display_name": "Environmental chemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.42182997
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C127313418",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069",
       "display_name": "Geology",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.30200535
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329",
       "display_name": "Chemistry",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.17282486
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C159390177",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265",
       "display_name": "Soil science",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.14907134
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C187320778",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130",
       "display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351",
       "display_name": "Organic chemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0
     }
   ],
   "corresponding_author_ids": [
     "https://openalex.org/A5035575657"
   ],
   "corresponding_institution_ids": [
     "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
   ],
   "countries_distinct_count": 1,
   "counts_by_year": [
     {
       "year": 2024,
       "cited_by_count": 4
     },
     {
       "year": 2023,
       "cited_by_count": 5
     },
     {
       "year": 2022,
       "cited_by_count": 7
     },
     {
       "year": 2021,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     }
   ],
   "created_date": "2021-02-01",
   "datasets": [],
   "display_name": "Groundwater development leads to decreasing arsenic concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley, California",
   "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145223",
   "fwci": 1.898,
   "grants": [
     {
       "funder": "https://openalex.org/F4320308028",
       "funder_display_name": "California State Water Resources Control Board",
       "award_id": null
     },
     {
       "funder": "https://openalex.org/F4320332183",
       "funder_display_name": "U.S. Geological Survey",
       "award_id": null
     }
   ],
   "has_fulltext": false,
   "id": "https://openalex.org/W3124802250",
   "ids": {
     "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W3124802250",
     "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145223",
     "mag": "3124802250",
     "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33545467"
   },
   "indexed_in": [
     "crossref"
   ],
   "institutions_distinct_count": 1,
   "is_paratext": false,
   "is_retracted": false,
   "keywords": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/san-joaquin",
       "display_name": "San Joaquin",
       "score": 0.84144944
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/water-well",
       "display_name": "Water well",
       "score": 0.67548096
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality",
       "display_name": "Water Quality",
       "score": 0.512167
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-contaminant-level",
       "display_name": "Maximum Contaminant Level",
       "score": 0.46762782
     }
   ],
   "language": "en",
   "locations": [
     {
       "is_oa": true,
       "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145223",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S86852077",
         "display_name": "The Science of The Total Environment",
         "issn_l": "0048-9697",
         "issn": [
           "0048-9697",
           "1879-1026"
         ],
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": true,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
         "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "Elsevier BV"
         ],
         "type": "journal"
       },
       "license": "cc-by-nc-nd",
       "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd",
       "version": "publishedVersion",
       "is_accepted": true,
       "is_published": true
     }
   ],
   "locations_count": 1,
   "mesh": [],
   "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W3124802250/ngrams",
   "open_access": {
     "is_oa": true,
     "oa_status": "hybrid",
     "oa_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145223",
     "any_repository_has_fulltext": false
   },
   "primary_location": {
     "is_oa": true,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145223",
     "pdf_url": null,
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S86852077",
       "display_name": "The Science of The Total Environment",
       "issn_l": "0048-9697",
       "issn": [
         "0048-9697",
         "1879-1026"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": true,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
       "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "Elsevier BV"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": "cc-by-nc-nd",
     "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd",
     "version": "publishedVersion",
     "is_accepted": true,
     "is_published": true
   },
   "primary_topic": {
     "id": "https://openalex.org/T10710",
     "display_name": "Arsenic Contamination in Natural Waters",
     "score": 0.9999,
     "subfield": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2304",
       "display_name": "Environmental Chemistry"
     },
     "field": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
       "display_name": "Environmental Science"
     },
     "domain": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
       "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
     }
   },
   "publication_date": "2021-06-01",
   "publication_year": 2021,
   "referenced_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W1481775120",
     "https://openalex.org/W1483877109",
     "https://openalex.org/W1488107395",
     "https://openalex.org/W1498799384",
     "https://openalex.org/W1516016589",
     "https://openalex.org/W1518726473",
     "https://openalex.org/W1576922713",
     "https://openalex.org/W1822761522",
     "https://openalex.org/W1947007732",
     "https://openalex.org/W1971024011",
     "https://openalex.org/W1972978214",
     "https://openalex.org/W1981026196",
     "https://openalex.org/W1985514943",
     "https://openalex.org/W1985879113",
     "https://openalex.org/W1994707758",
     "https://openalex.org/W2000789840",
     "https://openalex.org/W2018764772",
     "https://openalex.org/W2019133265",
     "https://openalex.org/W2023896700",
     "https://openalex.org/W2047511390",
     "https://openalex.org/W2048965724",
     "https://openalex.org/W2063675097",
     "https://openalex.org/W2071285208",
     "https://openalex.org/W2071994244",
     "https://openalex.org/W2072331631",
     "https://openalex.org/W2072907264",
     "https://openalex.org/W2076611735",
     "https://openalex.org/W2083322852",
     "https://openalex.org/W2084738766",
     "https://openalex.org/W2087359898",
     "https://openalex.org/W2087405912",
     "https://openalex.org/W2105367081",
     "https://openalex.org/W2124379907",
     "https://openalex.org/W2124631354",
     "https://openalex.org/W2127301430",
     "https://openalex.org/W2129287854",
     "https://openalex.org/W2136540306",
     "https://openalex.org/W2149602337",
     "https://openalex.org/W2167437752",
     "https://openalex.org/W2188920030",
     "https://openalex.org/W2260836066",
     "https://openalex.org/W2301577908",
     "https://openalex.org/W2318680928",
     "https://openalex.org/W2323834113",
     "https://openalex.org/W2384975075",
     "https://openalex.org/W2398387290",
     "https://openalex.org/W2413863314",
     "https://openalex.org/W2466788594",
     "https://openalex.org/W2561710383",
     "https://openalex.org/W2576945578",
     "https://openalex.org/W2596493828",
     "https://openalex.org/W2791075339",
     "https://openalex.org/W2807141051",
     "https://openalex.org/W2808265321",
     "https://openalex.org/W2972305017",
     "https://openalex.org/W3001115310",
     "https://openalex.org/W3004944303",
     "https://openalex.org/W3013185355",
     "https://openalex.org/W3021390446",
     "https://openalex.org/W3023209038",
     "https://openalex.org/W3027408461",
     "https://openalex.org/W3046097120",
     "https://openalex.org/W401042181",
     "https://openalex.org/W4252684946",
     "https://openalex.org/W49934499"
   ],
   "referenced_works_count": 65,
   "related_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W33011925",
     "https://openalex.org/W3025280316",
     "https://openalex.org/W2885186617",
     "https://openalex.org/W2626254073",
     "https://openalex.org/W2266384804",
     "https://openalex.org/W2133730984",
     "https://openalex.org/W2041657007",
     "https://openalex.org/W1594475285",
     "https://openalex.org/W1557796942",
     "https://openalex.org/W1494597838"
   ],
   "sustainable_development_goals": [
     {
       "display_name": "Clean water and sanitation",
       "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6",
       "score": 0.82
     }
   ],
   "title": "Groundwater development leads to decreasing arsenic concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley, California",
   "topics": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10710",
       "display_name": "Arsenic Contamination in Natural Waters",
       "score": 0.9999,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2304",
         "display_name": "Environmental Chemistry"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
         "display_name": "Environmental Science"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10398",
       "display_name": "Stable Isotope Analysis of Groundwater and Precipitation",
       "score": 0.9946,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1906",
         "display_name": "Geochemistry and Petrology"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19",
         "display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10894",
       "display_name": "Groundwater Flow and Transport Modeling",
       "score": 0.9914,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2305",
         "display_name": "Environmental Engineering"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
         "display_name": "Environmental Science"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     }
   ],
   "type": "article",
   "type_crossref": "journal-article",
   "updated_date": "2024-08-09T20:51:25.069472",
   "versions": []
 }

}