Item talk:Q257028
From geokb
{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "Use of 13C NMR and ftir for elucidation of degradation pathways during natural litter decomposition and composting I. early stage leaf degradation", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70018609", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70018609" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70018609 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1097/00010694-199610000-00004", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199610000-00004" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ISSN", "value": "0038075X" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Soil Science", "volumeNumber": "161", "issueNumber": "10" }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Soil Science" } ], "datePublished": "1996", "dateModified": "2020-01-07", "abstract": "Oxidative degradation of plant tissue leads to the formation of natural dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and humus. Infrared (IR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry have been used to elucidate the chemical reactions of the early stages of degradation that give rise to DOC derived from litter and compost. The results of this study indicate that oxidation of the lignin components of plant tissue follows the sequence of O-demethylation, and hydroxylation followed by ring-fission, chain-shortening, and oxidative removal of substituents. Oxidative ring-fission leads to the formation of carboxylic acid groups on the cleaved ends of the rings and, in the process, transforms phenolic groups into aliphatic alcoholic groups. The carbohydrate components are broken down into aliphatic hydroxy acids and aliphatic alcohols.", "description": "13 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Ovid" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Leenheer, J. A.", "givenName": "J. A.", "familyName": "Leenheer" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Noyes, T.I.", "givenName": "T.I.", "familyName": "Noyes" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Wershaw, R. L.", "givenName": "R. L.", "familyName": "Wershaw" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Kennedy, K. R.", "givenName": "K. R.", "familyName": "Kennedy" } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Toxic Substances Hydrology Program", "url": null } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "_id": "https://openalex.org/w2066666099", "abstract_inverted_index": { "Oxidative": [ 0, 81 ], "degradation": [ 1, 39 ], "of": [ 2, 9, 34, 38, 52, 58, 62, 68, 79, 87, 95 ], "plant": [ 3, 63 ], "tissue": [ 4, 64 ], "leads": [ 5, 83 ], "to": [ 6, 29, 43, 84 ], "the": [ 7, 31, 35, 59, 66, 85, 92, 96, 100 ], "formation": [ 8, 86 ], "natural": [ 10 ], "dissolved": [ 11 ], "organic": [ 12 ], "carbon": [ 13 ], "(DOC)": [ 14 ], "and": [ 15, 19, 48, 70, 76, 119 ], "humus.": [ 16 ], "Infrared": [ 17 ], "(IR)": [ 18 ], "13C": [ 20 ], "nuclear": [ 21 ], "magnetic": [ 22 ], "resonance": [ 23 ], "(NMR)": [ 24 ], "spectrometry": [ 25 ], "have": [ 26 ], "been": [ 27 ], "used": [ 28 ], "elucidate": [ 30 ], "chemical": [ 32 ], "reactions": [ 33 ], "early": [ 36 ], "stages": [ 37 ], "that": [ 40, 56 ], "give": [ 41 ], "rise": [ 42 ], "DOC": [ 44 ], "derived": [ 45 ], "from": [ 46 ], "litter": [ 47 ], "compost.": [ 49 ], "The": [ 50, 109 ], "results": [ 51 ], "this": [ 53 ], "study": [ 54 ], "indicate": [ 55 ], "oxidation": [ 57 ], "lignin": [ 60 ], "components": [ 61, 111 ], "follows": [ 65 ], "sequence": [ 67 ], "O-demethylation,": [ 69 ], "hydroxylation": [ 71 ], "followed": [ 72 ], "by": [ 73 ], "ring-fission,": [ 74 ], "chain-shortening,": [ 75 ], "oxidative": [ 77 ], "removal": [ 78 ], "substituents.": [ 80 ], "ring-fission": [ 82 ], "carboxylic": [ 88 ], "acid": [ 89 ], "groups": [ 90, 104 ], "on": [ 91 ], "cleaved": [ 93 ], "ends": [ 94 ], "rings": [ 97 ], "and,": [ 98 ], "in": [ 99 ], "process,": [ 101 ], "transforms": [ 102 ], "phenolic": [ 103 ], "into": [ 105, 115 ], "aliphatic": [ 106, 116, 120 ], "alcoholic": [ 107 ], "groups.": [ 108 ], "carbohydrate": [ 110 ], "are": [ 112 ], "broken": [ 113 ], "down": [ 114 ], "hydroxy": [ 117 ], "acids": [ 118 ], "alcohols.": [ 121 ] }, "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5022792336", "display_name": "Robert L. 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E-mail: [email\u00a0protected]" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "The use of trade marks in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey or the University of the Philippines.", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I103911934" ] }, { "raw_affiliation_string": "to Dr. R.L. Wershaw, MS 408, Box 25046, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046. E-mail: [email\u00a0protected]", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I2800772125" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5090880179", "display_name": "Jerry A. 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E-mail: [email\u00a0protected]" ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "to Dr. R.L. Wershaw, MS 408, Box 25046, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225-0046. E-mail: [email\u00a0protected]", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I2800772125" ] }, { "raw_affiliation_string": "The use of trade marks in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey or the University of the Philippines.", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I103911934" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5010679876", "display_name": "K.R. 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