Item talk:Q252928
From geokb
{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "A prototype system for forecasting landslides in the Seattle, Washington, area", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70047167", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70047167" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70047167 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1130/2008.4020(06)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1130/2008.4020(06)" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Reviews in Engineering Geology", "volumeNumber": "20", "issueNumber": null }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Reviews in Engineering Geology" } ], "datePublished": "2008", "dateModified": "2015-04-02", "abstract": "Empirical rainfall thresholds and related information form the basis of a prototype system for forecasting landslides in the Seattle area. The forecasts are tied to four alert levels, and a decision tree guides the use of thresholds to determine the appropriate level. From analysis of historical landslide data, we developed a formula for a cumulative rainfall threshold (CT),\u00a0P3\u00a0\u200a=\u200a 88.9 \u2212 0.67P15, defined by rainfall amounts in millimeters during consecutive 3\u2009d (72\u2009h) periods,\u00a0P3, and the 15\u2009d (360\u2009h) period before\u00a0P3,\u00a0P15. The variable CT captures more than 90% of historical events of three or more landslides in 1\u2009d and 3\u2009d periods recorded from 1978 to 2003. However, the low probability of landslide occurrence on a day when the CT is exceeded at one or more rain gauges (8.4%) justifies a low-level of alert for possible landslide occurrence, but it does trigger more vigilant monitoring of rainfall and soil wetness. Exceedance of a rainfall intensity-duration threshold\u00a0I\u00a0\u200a=\u200a 82.73D\u22121.13, for intensity,\u00a0I\u00a0(mm/hr), and duration,\u00a0D\u00a0(hr), corresponds to a higher probability of landslide occurrence (30%) and forms the basis for issuing warnings of impending, widespread occurrence of landslides. Information about the area of exceedance and soil wetness can be used to increase the certainty of landslide forecasts (probabilities as great as 71%). Automated analysis of real-time rainfall and subsurface water data and digital quantitative precipitation forecasts are needed to fully implement a warning system based on the two thresholds.", "description": "18 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Geological Society of America" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Godt, Jonathan W. jgodt@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Jonathan W.", "familyName": "Godt", "email": "jgodt@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-8737-2493", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Geologic Hazards Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geologic-hazards-science-center" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Office of the AD Hazards", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/natural-hazards" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Baum, Rex L. baum@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Rex L.", "familyName": "Baum", "email": "baum@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-5337-1970", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Geologic Hazards Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geologic-hazards-science-center" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Chleborad, Alan F.", "givenName": "Alan F.", "familyName": "Chleborad" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Powers, Philip S.", "givenName": "Philip S.", "familyName": "Powers" } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Geologic Hazards Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geologic-hazards-science-center" } ], "spatialCoverage": [ { "@type": "Place", "additionalType": "country", "name": "United States", "url": "https://geonames.org/4074035" }, { "@type": "Place", "additionalType": "state", "name": "Washington" }, { "@type": "Place", "additionalType": "city", "name": "Seattle", "url": "https://geonames.org/5809844" }, { "@type": "Place", "geo": [ { "@type": "GeoShape", "additionalProperty": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "name": "GeoJSON", "value": { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ -122.71865844726561, 47.1813125359862 ], [ -122.71865844726561, 48.04320138974934 ], [ -121.82464599609375, 48.04320138974934 ], [ -121.82464599609375, 47.1813125359862 ], [ -122.71865844726561, 47.1813125359862 ] ] ] } } ] } } }, { "@type": "GeoCoordinates", "latitude": 47.612256962867775, "longitude": -122.2716522216797 } ] } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "This": [ 0 ], "volume": [ 1 ], "brings": [ 2 ], "together": [ 3 ], "case": [ 4, 53 ], "studies": [ 5, 54 ], "and": [ 6, 36, 72 ], "summary": [ 7 ], "papers": [ 8 ], "describing": [ 9 ], "the": [ 10, 22, 34, 45, 59 ], "application": [ 11 ], "of": [ 12, 33, 39, 47, 55, 61, 64 ], "state-of-the-art": [ 13 ], "engineering": [ 14 ], "geologic": [ 15 ], "methods": [ 16 ], "to": [ 17 ], "landslide": [ 18, 48, 65 ], "hazard": [ 19 ], "analysis": [ 20 ], "for": [ 21, 78 ], "Seattle,": [ 23, 51 ], "Washington,": [ 24 ], "area.": [ 25 ], "An": [ 26 ], "introductory": [ 27 ], "chapter": [ 28 ], "provides": [ 29 ], "a": [ 30 ], "thorough": [ 31 ], "description": [ 32 ], "Quaternary": [ 35 ], "bedrock": [ 37 ], "geology": [ 38 ], "Seattle.": [ 40 ], "Nine": [ 41 ], "additional": [ 42 ], "chapters": [ 43 ], "review": [ 44 ], "history": [ 46 ], "mapping": [ 49 ], "in": [ 50 ], "present": [ 52 ], "individual": [ 56 ], "landslides,": [ 57 ], "describe": [ 58 ], "results": [ 60 ], "spatial": [ 62 ], "assessments": [ 63 ], "hazard,": [ 66 ], "discuss": [ 67 ], "hydrologic": [ 68 ], "controls": [ 69 ], "on": [ 70 ], "landsliding,": [ 71 ], "outline": [ 73 ], "an": [ 74 ], "early": [ 75 ], "warning": [ 76 ], "system": [ 77 ], "rainfall-induced": [ 79 ], "landslides.": [ 80 ] }, "apc_list": null, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5049131980", "display_name": "Alan F. 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