Item talk:Q251697
From geokb
{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "FeS-coated sand for removal of arsenic(III) under anaerobic conditions in permeable reactive barriers", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70035326", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70035326" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70035326 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.033", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.033" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ISSN", "value": "00431354" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Water Research", "volumeNumber": "45", "issueNumber": "2" }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Water Research" } ], "datePublished": "2011", "dateModified": "2021-02-25", "abstract": "Iron sulfide (as mackinawite, FeS) has shown considerable promise as a material for the removal of As(III) under anoxic conditions. However, as a nanoparticulate material, synthetic FeS is not suitable for use in conventional permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). This study developed a methodology for coating a natural silica sand to produce a material of an appropriate diameter for a PRB. Aging time, pH, rinse time, and volume ratios were varied, with a maximum coating of 4.0\u00a0mg FeS/g sand achieved using a pH 5.5 solution at a 1:4 volume ratio (sand: 2\u00a0g/L FeS suspension), three days of aging and no rinsing. Comparing the mass deposited on the sand, which had a natural iron-oxide coating, with and without chemical washing showed that the iron-oxide coating was essential to the formation of a stable FeS coating. Scanning electron microscopy images of the FeS-coated sand showed a patchwise FeS surface coating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed a partial oxidation of the Fe(II) to Fe(III) during the coating process, and some oxidation of S to polysulfides. Removal of As(III) by FeS-coated sand was 30% of that by nanoparticulate FeS at pH 5 and 7. At pH 9, the relative removal was 400%, perhaps due to the natural oxide coating of the sand or a secondary mineral phase from mackinawite oxidation. Although many studies have investigated the coating of sands with iron oxides, little prior work reports coating with iron sulfides. The results suggest that a suitable PRB material for the removal of As(III) under anoxic conditions can be produced through the deposition of a coating of FeS onto natural silica sand with an iron-oxide coating.Iron sulfide (as mackinawite, FeS) has shown considerable promise as a material for the removal of As(III) under anoxic conditions. However, as a nanoparticulate material, synthetic FeS is not suitable for use in conventional permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). This study developed a methodology for coating a natural silica sand to produce a material of an appropriate diameter for a PRB. Aging time, pH, rinse time, and volume ratios were varied, with a maximum coating of 4.0\u00a0mg FeS/g sand achieved using a pH 5.5 solution at a 1:4 volume ratio (sand: 2\u00a0g/L FeS suspension), three days of aging and no rinsing. Comparing the mass deposited on the sand, which had a natural iron-oxide coating, with and without chemical washing showed that the iron-oxide coating was essential to the formation of a stable FeS coating. Scanning electron microscopy images of the FeS-coated sand showed a patchwise FeS surface coating. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed a partial oxidation of the Fe(II) to Fe(III) during the coating process, and some oxidation of S to polysulfides. Removal of As(III) by FeS-coated sand was 30% of that by nanoparticulate FeS at pH 5 and 7. At pH 9, the relative removal was 400%, perhaps due to the natural oxide coating of the sand or a secondary mineral phase from mackinawite oxidation. Although many studies have investigated the coating of sands with iron oxides, little prior work reports coating with iron sulfides. The results suggest that a suitable PRB material for the removal of As(III) under anoxic conditions can be produced through the deposition of a coating of FeS onto natural silica sand with an iron-oxide coating.", "description": "12 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Elsevier" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Gallegos, T.J.", "givenName": "T.J.", "familyName": "Gallegos", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-3350-6473", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473" } }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Han, Y.-S.", "givenName": "Y.-S.", "familyName": "Han" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Demond, A.H.", "givenName": "A.H.", "familyName": "Demond" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Hayes, K.F.", "givenName": "K.F.", "familyName": "Hayes" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "Iron": [ 0 ], "sulfide": [ 1 ], "(as": [ 2 ], "mackinawite,": [ 3 ], "FeS)": [ 4 ], "has": [ 5 ], "shown": [ 6 ], "considerable": [ 7 ], "promise": [ 8 ], "as": [ 9, 21 ], "a": [ 10, 22, 41, 45, 51, 58, 71, 81, 86, 111, 131, 144, 153, 209, 240, 259 ], "material": [ 11, 52, 243 ], "for": [ 12, 30, 43, 57, 244 ], "the": [ 13, 103, 107, 122, 128, 140, 157, 162, 193, 201, 206, 221, 245, 256 ], "removal": [ 14, 195, 246 ], "of": [ 15, 53, 74, 97, 130, 139, 156, 168, 173, 180, 205, 223, 247, 258, 261 ], "As(III)": [ 16, 174, 248 ], "under": [ 17, 249 ], "anoxic": [ 18, 250 ], "conditions.": [ 19 ], "However,": [ 20 ], "nanoparticulate": [ 23, 183 ], "material,": [ 24 ], "synthetic": [ 25 ], "FeS": [ 26, 93, 133, 146, 184, 262 ], "is": [ 27 ], "not": [ 28 ], "suitable": [ 29, 241 ], "use": [ 31 ], "in": [ 32 ], "conventional": [ 33 ], "permeable": [ 34 ], "reactive": [ 35 ], "barriers": [ 36 ], "(PRBs).": [ 37 ], "This": [ 38 ], "study": [ 39 ], "developed": [ 40 ], "methodology": [ 42 ], "coating": [ 44, 73, 124, 163, 204, 222, 232, 260 ], "natural": [ 46, 112, 202, 264 ], "silica": [ 47, 265 ], "sand": [ 48, 78, 142, 177, 207, 266 ], "to": [ 49, 127, 159, 170, 200 ], "produce": [ 50 ], "an": [ 54, 268 ], "appropriate": [ 55 ], "diameter": [ 56 ], "PRB.": [ 59 ], "Aging": [ 60 ], "time,": [ 61, 64 ], "pH,": [ 62 ], "rinse": [ 63 ], "and": [ 65, 99, 116, 165, 188 ], "volume": [ 66, 88 ], "ratios": [ 67 ], "were": [ 68 ], "varied,": [ 69 ], "with": [ 70, 115, 225, 233, 267 ], "maximum": [ 72 ], "4.0": [ 75 ], "mg": [ 76 ], "FeS/g": [ 77 ], "achieved": [ 79 ], "using": [ 80 ], "pH": [ 82, 186, 191 ], "5.5": [ 83 ], "solution": [ 84 ], "at": [ 85, 185 ], "1:4": [ 87 ], "ratio": [ 89 ], "(sand:": [ 90 ], "2": [ 91 ], "g/L": [ 92 ], "suspension),": [ 94 ], "three": [ 95 ], "days": [ 96 ], "aging": [ 98 ], "no": [ 100 ], "rinsing.": [ 101 ], "Comparing": [ 102 ], "mass": [ 104 ], "deposited": [ 105 ], "on": [ 106 ], "sand,": [ 108 ], "which": [ 109 ], "had": [ 110 ], "iron-oxide": [ 113, 123, 269 ], "coating,": [ 114 ], "without": [ 117 ], "chemical": [ 118 ], "washing": [ 119 ], "showed": [ 120, 143, 152 ], "that": [ 121, 181, 239 ], "was": [ 125, 178, 196 ], "essential": [ 126 ], "formation": [ 129 ], "stable": [ 132 ], "coating.": [ 134, 148, 270 ], "Scanning": [ 135 ], "electron": [ 136 ], "microscopy": [ 137 ], "images": [ 138 ], "FeS-coated": [ 141, 176 ], "patchwise": [ 145 ], "surface": [ 147 ], "X-ray": [ 149 ], "photoelectron": [ 150 ], "spectroscopy": [ 151 ], "partial": [ 154 ], "oxidation": [ 155, 167 ], "Fe(II)": [ 158 ], "Fe(III)": [ 160 ], "during": [ 161 ], "process,": [ 164 ], "some": [ 166 ], "S": [ 169 ], "polysulfides.": [ 171 ], "Removal": [ 172 ], "by": [ 175, 182 ], "30%": [ 179 ], "5": [ 187 ], "7.": [ 189 ], "At": [ 190 ], "9,": [ 192 ], "relative": [ 194 ], "400%,": [ 197 ], "perhaps": [ 198 ], "due": [ 199 ], "oxide": [ 203 ], "or": [ 208 ], "secondary": [ 210 ], "mineral": [ 211 ], "phase": [ 212 ], "from": [ 213 ], "mackinawite": [ 214 ], "oxidation.": [ 215 ], "Although": [ 216 ], "many": [ 217 ], "studies": [ 218 ], "have": [ 219 ], "investigated": [ 220 ], "sands": [ 224 ], "iron": [ 226, 234 ], "oxides,": [ 227 ], "little": [ 228 ], "prior": [ 229 ], "work": [ 230 ], "reports": [ 231 ], "sulfides.": [ 235 ], "The": [ 236 ], "results": [ 237 ], "suggest": [ 238 ], "PRB": [ 242 ], "conditions": [ 251 ], "can": [ 252 ], "be": [ 253 ], "produced": [ 254 ], "through": [ 255 ], "deposition": [ 257 ], "onto": [ 263 ] }, "apc_list": { "value": 4350, "currency": "USD", "value_usd": 4350, "provenance": "doaj" }, "apc_paid": null, "authorships": [ { "author_position": "first", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5030407696", "display_name": "Young-Soo Han", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4936-6217" }, "institutions": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/I27837315", "display_name": "University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor", "ror": "https://ror.org/00jmfr291", "country_code": "US", "type": "education", "lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I27837315" ] } ], "countries": [ "US" ], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Young-Soo Han", "raw_affiliation_strings": [ "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA." ], "affiliations": [ { "raw_affiliation_string": "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA.", "institution_ids": [ "https://openalex.org/I27837315" ] } ] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5080149407", "display_name": "Tanya J. Gallegos", "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473" }, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Tanya J Gallegos", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": [] }, { "author_position": "middle", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5071668262", "display_name": "Avery H. Demond", "orcid": null }, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Avery H Demond", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": [] }, { "author_position": "last", "author": { "id": "https://openalex.org/A5067559777", "display_name": "Kim F. Hayes", "orcid": null }, "institutions": [], "countries": [], "is_corresponding": false, "raw_author_name": "Kim F Hayes", "raw_affiliation_strings": [], "affiliations": [] } ], "best_oa_location": null, "biblio": { "volume": "45", "issue": "2", "first_page": "593", "last_page": "604" }, "citation_normalized_percentile": { "value": 0.999832, "is_in_top_1_percent": true, "is_in_top_10_percent": true }, "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2028847311", "cited_by_count": 105, "cited_by_percentile_year": { "min": 97, "max": 98 }, "concepts": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/C2778891929", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417794", "display_name": "Mackinawite", "level": 3, "score": 0.8930855 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C2781448156", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182", "display_name": "Coating", "level": 2, "score": 0.76279885 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777807490", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073081", "display_name": "Iron sulfide", "level": 3, "score": 0.7333884 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C42360764", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588", "display_name": "Chemical engineering", "level": 1, "score": 0.5486999 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777697756", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721849", "display_name": "Iron oxide", "level": 2, "score": 0.5286836 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C502230775", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q871", "display_name": "Arsenic", "level": 2, "score": 0.52230144 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C185592680", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329", "display_name": "Chemistry", "level": 0, "score": 0.49391967 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C191897082", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467", "display_name": "Metallurgy", "level": 1, "score": 0.42468202 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C2780596425", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221205", "display_name": "Sulfide", "level": 2, "score": 0.42306507 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C2777787761", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189703", "display_name": "Goethite", "level": 3, "score": 0.41915658 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C192562407", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736", "display_name": "Materials science", "level": 0, "score": 0.3655728 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C518881349", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682", "display_name": "Sulfur", "level": 2, "score": 0.33377567 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C150394285", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254", "display_name": "Adsorption", "level": 2, "score": 0.123250574 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C178790620", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351", "display_name": "Organic chemistry", "level": 1, "score": 0.06273028 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/C127413603", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023", "display_name": "Engineering", "level": 0, "score": 0.0 } ], "corresponding_author_ids": [], "corresponding_institution_ids": [], "countries_distinct_count": 1, "counts_by_year": [ { "year": 2024, "cited_by_count": 6 }, { "year": 2023, "cited_by_count": 6 }, { "year": 2022, "cited_by_count": 6 }, { "year": 2021, "cited_by_count": 10 }, { "year": 2020, "cited_by_count": 11 }, { "year": 2019, "cited_by_count": 6 }, { "year": 2018, "cited_by_count": 8 }, { "year": 2017, "cited_by_count": 8 }, { "year": 2016, "cited_by_count": 7 }, { "year": 2015, "cited_by_count": 11 }, { "year": 2014, "cited_by_count": 8 }, { "year": 2013, "cited_by_count": 9 }, { "year": 2012, "cited_by_count": 3 } ], "created_date": "2016-06-24", "datasets": [], "display_name": "FeS-coated sand for removal of arsenic(III) under anaerobic conditions in permeable reactive barriers", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.033", "fulltext_origin": "ngrams", "fwci": 6.577, "grants": [], "has_fulltext": true, "id": "https://openalex.org/W2028847311", "ids": { "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W2028847311", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.033", "mag": "2028847311", "pmid": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20974481" }, "indexed_in": [ "crossref", "pubmed" ], "institutions_distinct_count": 1, "is_paratext": false, "is_retracted": false, "keywords": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/mackinawite", "display_name": "Mackinawite", "score": 0.8930855 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-sulfide", "display_name": "Iron sulfide", "score": 0.7333884 }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/permeable-reactive-barriers", "display_name": "Permeable Reactive Barriers", "score": 0.508061 } ], "language": "en", "locations": [ { "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.033", "pdf_url": null, "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S52566953", "display_name": "Water Research", "issn_l": "0043-1354", "issn": [ "0043-1354", "1879-2448" ], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/P4310320990" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "Elsevier BV" ], "type": "journal" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false }, { "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20974481", "pdf_url": null, "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306525036", "display_name": "PubMed", "issn_l": null, "issn": null, "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": false, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I1299303238", "host_organization_name": "National Institutes of Health", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/I1299303238" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "National Institutes of Health" ], "type": "repository" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false } ], "locations_count": 2, "mesh": [ { "descriptor_ui": "D001151", "descriptor_name": "Arsenic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000302", "qualifier_name": "isolation & purification", "is_major_topic": true }, { "descriptor_ui": "D005296", "descriptor_name": "Ferrous Compounds", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": true }, { "descriptor_ui": "D012822", "descriptor_name": "Silicon Dioxide", "qualifier_ui": "", "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": true }, { "descriptor_ui": "D000693", "descriptor_name": "Anaerobiosis", "qualifier_ui": "", "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false }, { "descriptor_ui": "D001151", "descriptor_name": "Arsenic", "qualifier_ui": "", "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false }, { "descriptor_ui": "D001151", "descriptor_name": "Arsenic", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false }, { "descriptor_ui": "D005296", "descriptor_name": "Ferrous Compounds", "qualifier_ui": "", "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false }, { "descriptor_ui": "D006863", "descriptor_name": "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "qualifier_ui": "", "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false }, { "descriptor_ui": "D053768", "descriptor_name": "Metal Nanoparticles", "qualifier_ui": "Q000737", "qualifier_name": "chemistry", "is_major_topic": false }, { "descriptor_ui": "D053768", "descriptor_name": "Metal Nanoparticles", "qualifier_ui": "", "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false }, { "descriptor_ui": "D008855", "descriptor_name": "Microscopy, Electron, Scanning", "qualifier_ui": "", "qualifier_name": null, "is_major_topic": false } ], "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W2028847311/ngrams", "open_access": { "is_oa": false, "oa_status": "closed", "oa_url": null, "any_repository_has_fulltext": false }, "primary_location": { "is_oa": false, "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.033", "pdf_url": null, "source": { "id": "https://openalex.org/S52566953", "display_name": "Water Research", "issn_l": "0043-1354", "issn": [ "0043-1354", "1879-2448" ], "is_oa": false, "is_in_doaj": false, "is_core": true, "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990", "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV", "host_organization_lineage": [ "https://openalex.org/P4310320990" ], "host_organization_lineage_names": [ "Elsevier BV" ], "type": "journal" }, "license": null, "license_id": null, "version": null, "is_accepted": false, "is_published": false }, "primary_topic": { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10710", "display_name": "Arsenic Contamination in Natural Waters", "score": 0.9999, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2304", "display_name": "Environmental Chemistry" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, "publication_date": "2011-01-01", "publication_year": 2011, "referenced_works": [ "https://openalex.org/W101581349", "https://openalex.org/W1523253943", "https://openalex.org/W1530318263", "https://openalex.org/W1604035276", "https://openalex.org/W190171625", "https://openalex.org/W1964783112", "https://openalex.org/W1966325683", "https://openalex.org/W1967790266", "https://openalex.org/W1972089873", "https://openalex.org/W1973774177", "https://openalex.org/W1992638737", "https://openalex.org/W1994139714", "https://openalex.org/W1997784617", "https://openalex.org/W1999959177", "https://openalex.org/W2010017574", "https://openalex.org/W2010712790", "https://openalex.org/W2015253895", "https://openalex.org/W2026662825", "https://openalex.org/W2029075895", "https://openalex.org/W2032170210", "https://openalex.org/W2036176009", "https://openalex.org/W2040527150", "https://openalex.org/W2041486246", "https://openalex.org/W2042540650", "https://openalex.org/W2043363575", "https://openalex.org/W2045662211", "https://openalex.org/W2046179037", "https://openalex.org/W2046568229", "https://openalex.org/W2048286171", "https://openalex.org/W2050087373", "https://openalex.org/W2051076414", "https://openalex.org/W2052952734", "https://openalex.org/W2053102601", "https://openalex.org/W2053421018", "https://openalex.org/W2055765487", "https://openalex.org/W2058315346", "https://openalex.org/W2060196223", "https://openalex.org/W2062642119", "https://openalex.org/W2065864143", "https://openalex.org/W2070596444", "https://openalex.org/W2072934080", "https://openalex.org/W2073091087", "https://openalex.org/W2073456692", "https://openalex.org/W2076611735", "https://openalex.org/W2080567741", "https://openalex.org/W2081543390", "https://openalex.org/W2125266999", "https://openalex.org/W2164989463", "https://openalex.org/W2247269064", "https://openalex.org/W332041314", "https://openalex.org/W4231217859", "https://openalex.org/W4251440179", "https://openalex.org/W93778029" ], "referenced_works_count": 53, "related_works": [ "https://openalex.org/W4213362449", "https://openalex.org/W4213110457", "https://openalex.org/W2770484928", "https://openalex.org/W2494107881", "https://openalex.org/W2336189423", "https://openalex.org/W2314827796", "https://openalex.org/W2141684086", "https://openalex.org/W2092470737", "https://openalex.org/W1978772194", "https://openalex.org/W174607494" ], "sustainable_development_goals": [ { "score": 0.42, "display_name": "Life below water", "id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14" } ], "title": "FeS-coated sand for removal of arsenic(III) under anaerobic conditions in permeable reactive barriers", "topics": [ { "id": "https://openalex.org/T10710", "display_name": "Arsenic Contamination in Natural Waters", "score": 0.9999, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2304", "display_name": "Environmental Chemistry" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T12078", "display_name": "Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Applications and Remediation", "score": 0.9928, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2204", "display_name": "Biomedical Engineering" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/22", "display_name": "Engineering" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } }, { "id": "https://openalex.org/T11923", "display_name": "Acid Mine Drainage Remediation and Biogeochemistry", "score": 0.9865, "subfield": { "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2304", "display_name": "Environmental Chemistry" }, "field": { "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23", "display_name": "Environmental Science" }, "domain": { "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3", "display_name": "Physical Sciences" } } ], "type": "article", "type_crossref": "journal-article", "updated_date": "2024-08-13T08:33:34.654098", "versions": [] }
}