Item talk:Q250546

From geokb

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Ages and sources of components of Zn-Pb, Cu, precious metal, and platinum group element deposits in the goodsprings district, Clark County, Nevada",
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       "value": "10.2113/econgeo.106.3.381",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.106.3.381"
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       "value": "03610128"
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   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Economic Geology",
     "volumeNumber": "106",
     "issueNumber": "3"
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
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       "name": "Economic Geology"
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   "datePublished": "2011",
   "dateModified": "2017-08-31",
   "abstract": "The Goodsprings district, Clark County, Nevada, includes zinc-dominant carbonate replacement deposits of probable late Paleozoic age, and lead-dominant carbonate replacement deposits, copper \u00b1 precious metal-platinum group element (PGE) deposits, and gold \u00b1 silver deposits that are spatially associated with Late Triassic porphyritic intrusions. The district encompasses ~500 km2\u00a0although the distribution of all deposits has been laterally condensed by late Mesozoic crustal contraction. Zinc, Pb, and Cu production from about 90 deposits was ~160,000 metric tons (t) (Zn > Pb >> Cu), 2.1 million ounces (Moz) Ag, 0.09 Moz Au, and small amounts of PGEs\u2014Co, V, Hg, Sb, Ni, Mo, Mn, Ir, and U\u2014were also recovered.Zinc-dominant carbonate replacement deposits (Zn > Pb; Ag \u00b1 Cu) resemble Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) Zn-Pb deposits in that they occur in karst and fault breccias in Mississippian limestone where the southern margin of the regional late Paleozoic foreland basin adjoins Proterozoic crystalline rocks of the craton. They consist of calcite, dolomite, sphalerite, and galena with variably positive S isotope compositions (\u03b434S values range from 2.5\u201313\u2030), and highly radiogenic Pb isotope compositions (206Pb/204Pb >19), typical of MVT deposits above crystalline Precambrian basement. These deposits may have formed when southward flow of saline fluids, derived from basinal and older sedimentary rocks, encountered thinner strata and pinch-outs against the craton, forcing fluid mixing and mineral precipitation in karst and fault breccias. Lead-dominant carbonate replacement deposits (Pb > Zn, Ag \u00b1 Cu \u00b1 Au) occur among other deposit types, often near porphyritic intrusions. They generally contain higher concentrations of precious metals than zinc-dominant deposits and relatively abundant iron oxides after pyrite. They share characteristics with copper \u00b1 precious metal-PGE and gold \u00b1 silver deposits including fine-grained quartz replacement of carbonate minerals in ore breccias and relatively low S and Pb isotope values (\u03b434S values vary from 0\u2013~4\u2030;\u00a0206Pb/204Pb <18.5). Copper \u00b1 precious metal-PGE deposits (Cu, Co, Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt) consist of Cu carbonate minerals (after chalcocite and chalcopyrite) and fine-grained quartz that have replaced breccia clasts and margins of fissures in Paleozoic limestones and dolomites near porphyritic intrusions. Gold \u00b1 silver deposits occur along contacts and within small-volume stocks and dikes of feldspar porphyry, one textural variety of porphyritic intrusions. Lead isotope compositions of copper \u00b1 precious metal-PGE, gold \u00b1 silver, and lead-dominant carbonate replacement deposits are similar to those of Mojave crust plutons, indicating derivation of Pb from 1.7 Ga crystalline basement or from Late Proterozoic siliciclastic sedimentary rocks derived from 1.7 Ga crystalline basement.Four texturally and modally distinctive porphyritic intrusions are exposed largely in the central part of the district: feldspar quartz porphyry, plagioclase quartz porphyry, feldspar biotite quartz porphyry, and feldspar porphyry. Intrusions consist of 64 to 70 percent SiO2\u00a0and variable K2O/Na2O (0.14\u20135.33) that reflect proportions of K-feldspar and albite phenocrysts and megacrysts as well as partial alteration to K-mica; quartz and biotite phenocrysts are present in several subtypes. Albite may have formed during emplacement of magma in brine-saturated basinal strata, whereas hydrothermal alteration of matrix, phenocrystic, and megacrystic feldspar and biotite to K-mica, pyrite, and other hydrothermal minerals occurred during and after intrusion emplacement. Small volumes of garnet-diopside-quartz and retrograde epidote-mica-amphibole skarn have replaced carbonate rocks adjacent to one intrusion subtype (feldspar-quartz porphyry), but alteration of carbonate rocks at intrusion contacts elsewhere is inconspicuous.Uranium-lead ages of igneous zircons vary inconsistently from ~ 180 to 230 Ma and are too imprecise to distinguish age differences among intrusion subtypes; most ages are 210 to 225 Ma, yielding a mean of 217 \u00b1 1 Ma. K-Ar and\u00a040Ar/39Ar ages of magmatic (plagioclase, biotite) and hydrothermal (K-mica) minerals span a similar range (183\u2013227 Ma), demonstrating broadly contemporaneous intrusion emplacement and hydrothermal alteration but allowing for multiple Late Triassic magmatic-hydrothermal events. Imprecision and range of isotopic ages may have resulted from burial beneath Mesozoic and Tertiary strata and multiple intrusion of magmas, causing thermal disturbance to Ar systems and Pb loss from zircons in intrusions.Separate late Paleozoic (zinc-dominant carbonate replacement deposits) and Late Triassic (all other deposits) mineralizing events are supported by form, distribution, and host rocks of metal deposits, by hydrothermal mineral assemblages, isotope compositions, metal abundances, and metal diversity, and by small intrusion volumes. These characteristics collectively distinguish the Goodsprings district from larger intrusion related carbonate replacement districts in the western United States. They can be used to evaluate proximity to unexposed porphyritic intrusions associated with PGE and gold \u00b1 silver mineralization.",
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     "name": "Society of Economic Geologists"
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       "name": "Wooden, Joseph L.",
       "givenName": "Joseph L.",
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       "name": "Vikre, Peter G. pvikre@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Peter G.",
       "familyName": "Vikre",
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       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Browne, Quentin J.",
       "givenName": "Quentin J.",
       "familyName": "Browne"
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       "name": "Hofstra, Albert H. ahofstra@usgs.gov",
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       "name": "Fleck, Robert J. fleck@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Robert J.",
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       "name": "Nevada"
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