Item talk:Q246561
From geokb
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"abstract": "Tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were investigated as environmental tracers in ground water from Jeju Island (Republic of Korea), a basaltic\u00a0volcanic island. Ground-water mixing was evaluated by comparing\u00a03H and CFC-12 concentrations with lumped-parameter dispersion models, which distinguished old water recharged before the 1950s with negligible\u00a03H and CFC-12 from younger water. Low\u00a03H levels in a considerable number of samples cannot be explained by the mixing models, and were interpreted as binary mixing of old and younger water; a process also identified in\u00a0alkalinity\u00a0and pH of ground water. The ground-water CFC-12 age is much older in water from wells completed in confined zones of the hydro-volcanic Seogwipo Formation in coastal areas than in water from the basaltic\u00a0aquifer. Major\u00a0cation\u00a0concentrations are much higher in young water with high\u00a0nitrate\u00a0than those in uncontaminated old water.\u00a0Chemical evolution\u00a0of ground water resulting from\u00a0silicate\u00a0weathering in basaltic rocks reaches the zeolite\u2013smectite phase boundary. The\u00a0calcite\u00a0saturation state of ground water increases with the CFC-12 apparent (piston flow) age. In agricultural areas, the temporal trend of nitrate concentration in ground water is consistent with the known history of\u00a0chemical fertilizer\u00a0use on the island, but increase of nitrate concentration in ground water is more abrupt after the late 1970s compared with the exponential growth of nitrogen inputs.",
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