Item talk:Q244955
From geokb
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"name": "Degassing of CO2, SO2, and H2S associated with the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska",
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"abstract": "The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska was particularly well monitored for volcanic gas emissions. We report 35 airborne measurements of CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates that span from October 2008 to August 2010. The magmatic system degassed primarily as a closed system although minor amounts of open system degassing were observed in the 6\u00a0months prior to eruption on March 15, 2009 and over 1\u00a0year following cessation of dome extrusion. Only 14% of the total CO2\u00a0was emitted prior to eruption even though high emissions rates (between 3630 and 9020\u00a0t/d) were observed in the final 6\u00a0weeks preceding the eruption. A minor amount of the total SO2\u00a0was observed prior to eruption (4%), which was consistent with the low emission rates at that time (up to 180\u00a0t/d). The amount of the gas emitted during the explosive and dome growth period (March 15\u2013July 1, 2009) was 59 and 66% of the total CO2and SO2, respectively. Maximum emission rates were 33,110\u00a0t/d CO2, 16,650\u00a0t/d SO2, and 1230\u00a0t/d H2S. Post-eruptive passive degassing was responsible for 27 and 30% of the total CO2\u00a0and SO2, respectively. SO2\u00a0made up on average 92% of the total sulfur degassing throughout the eruption. Magmas were vapor saturated with a C- and S-rich volatile phase, and regardless of composition, the magmas appear to be buffered by a volatile composition with a molar CO2/SO2\u00a0ratio of ~\u00a02.4. Primary volatile contents calculated from degassing and erupted magma volumes range from 0.9 to 2.1\u00a0wt.% CO2\u00a0and 0.27\u20130.56\u00a0wt.% S; whole-rock normalized values are slightly lower (0.8\u20131.7\u00a0wt.% CO2\u00a0and 0.22\u20130.47\u00a0wt.% S) and are similar to what was calculated for the 1989\u201390 eruption of Redoubt. Such contents argue that primary arc magmas are rich in CO2\u00a0and S. Similar trends between volumes of estimated degassed magma and observed erupted magma during the eruptive period point to primary volatile contents of 1.25\u00a0wt.% CO2\u00a0and 0.35\u00a0wt.% S. Assuming these values, up to 30% additional unerupted magma degassed in the year following final dome emplacement.",
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