Item talk:Q240353

From geokb

{

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   "name": "Occurrence, temporal variation, and estrogenic burden of five parabens in sewage sludge collected across the United States",
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     "name": "Science of the Total Environment",
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   "datePublished": "2017",
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   "abstract": "Five parabens used as preservatives in\u00a0pharmaceuticals and personal care products\u00a0(PPCPs) were measured in\u00a0sewage sludges\u00a0collected at 14 U.S.\u00a0wastewater treatment plants\u00a0(WWTPs) located in nine states. Detected concentration ranges (ng/g, dry weight) and frequencies were as follows: methyl paraben (15.9 to 203.0; 100%), propyl paraben (0.5 to 7.7; 100%), ethyl paraben (<\u00a00.6 to 2.6; 63%), butyl paraben (<\u00a00.4 to 4.3; 42%) and benzyl paraben (<\u00a00.4 to 3.3; 26%). The estrogenicity inherent to the sum of parabens detected in sewage sludge (ranging from 10.1 to 500.1\u00a0pg/kg 17\u03b2-estradiol equivalents) was insignificant when compared to the 106-times higher value calculated for natural estrogens reported in the literature to occur in sewage sludge. Temporal monitoring at one WWTP provided insights into temporal and seasonal variations in paraben concentrations. This is the first report on the occurrence of five parabens in sewage sludges from across the U.S., and internationally, the first on temporal variations of paraben levels in sewage sludge. Study results will help to inform the risk assessment of sewage sludge destined for land application (biosolids).",
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