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{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Article", "additionalType": "Journal Article", "name": "Holistic assessment of occurrence and fate of metolachlor within environmental compartments of agricultural watersheds", "identifier": [ { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "70190806", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70190806" }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70190806 }, { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.154", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.154" } ], "journal": { "@type": "Periodical", "name": "Science of the Total Environment", "volumeNumber": "612", "issueNumber": null }, "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [ { "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Science of the Total Environment" } ], "datePublished": "2017", "dateModified": "2017-09-20", "abstract": "Background: Metolachlor [(RS)-2-Chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide] and two degradates (metolachlor ethane-sulfonic acid and metolachlor oxanilic acid) are commonly observed in surface and groundwater. The behavior and fate of these compounds were examined over a 12-year period in seven agricultural watersheds in the United States. They were quantified in air, rain, streams, overland flow, groundwater, soil water, subsurface drain water, and water at the stream/groundwater interface. The compounds were frequently detected in surface and groundwater associated with agricultural areas. A mass budget approach, based on all available data from the study and literature, was used to determine a percentage-wise generalized distribution and fate of applied parent metolachlor in typical agricultural environments.Results: In these watersheds, about 90% of applied metolachlor was taken up by plants or degraded, 10% volatilized, and 0.3% returned as rainfall. One percent was transported to surface water, while an equal amount infiltrated into the unsaturated zone soil water. < 0.02% reached the groundwater. Subsurface flow paths resulted in greater degradation of metolachlor because degradation reactions had more time to proceed.Conclusions: An understanding of the residence times of water in the different environmental compartments, and the important processes affecting metolachlor as it is transported along flowpaths among the environmental compartments allows for a degree of predictability of metolachlor's fate. Degradates with long half-lives can be used (in a limited capacity) as tracers of metolachlor, because of their persistence and widespread occurrence in the environment.", "description": "12 p.", "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Elsevier" }, "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Coupe, Richard H. rhcoupe@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Richard H.", "familyName": "Coupe", "email": "rhcoupe@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-8679-1015", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-1015" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Mississippi Water Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/lower-mississippi-gulf-water-science-center" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Capel, Paul D. capel@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Paul D.", "familyName": "Capel", "email": "capel@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-1620-5185", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Minnesota Water Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/upper-midwest-water-science-center" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "National Water Quality Assessment Program", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/national-water-quality-program" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Webb, Richard M. rmwebb@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Richard M.", "familyName": "Webb", "email": "rmwebb@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-9531-2207", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9531-2207" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "National Research Program - Central Branch", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/arizona-water-science-center" }, { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Colorado Water Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/colorado-water-science-center" } ] }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Rose, Claire E. cerose@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Claire E.", "familyName": "Rose", "email": "cerose@usgs.gov", "identifier": { "@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-5519-3538", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5519-3538" }, "affiliation": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/lower-mississippi-gulf-water-science-center" } ] } ], "funder": [ { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/lower-mississippi-gulf-water-science-center" } ] }, "OpenAlex": { "abstract_inverted_index": { "Metolachlor": [ 0 ], "[(RS)-2-Chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide]": [ 1 ], "and": [ 2, 8, 17, 21, 55, 68, 86, 96, 123, 181, 225 ], "two": [ 3 ], 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