Item talk:Q234777

From geokb

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Cr(VI) occurrence and geochemistry in water from public-supply wells in California",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "70176444",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70176444"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 70176444
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.08.007",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.08.007"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Applied Geochemistry",
     "volumeNumber": "63",
     "issueNumber": null
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Applied Geochemistry"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2015",
   "dateModified": "2016-09-14",
   "abstract": "Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), in 918 wells sampled throughout California between 2004 and 2012 by the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment-Priority Basin Project (GAMA-PBP) ranged from less than the study reporting limit of 1 microgram per liter (\u03bcg/L) to 32\u00a0\u03bcg/L. Statewide, Cr(VI) was reported in 31 percent of wells and equaled or exceeded the recently established (2014) California Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for Cr(VI) of 10\u00a0\u03bcg/L in 4 percent of wells. Cr(VI) data collected for regulatory purposes overestimated Cr(VI) occurrence compared to spatially-distributed GAMA-PBP data. Ninety percent of chromium was present as Cr(VI), which was detected more frequently and at higher concentrations in alkaline (pH\u00a0\u2265\u00a08), oxic water; and more frequently in agricultural and urban land uses compared to native land uses. Chemical, isotopic (tritium and carbon-14), and noble-gas data show high Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers in the southern California deserts result from long groundwater-residence times and geochemical reactions such as silicate weathering that increase pH, while oxic conditions persist. High Cr(VI) in water from wells in alluvial aquifers along the west-side of the Central Valley results from high-chromium in source rock eroded to form those aquifers, and areal recharge processes (including irrigation return) that can mobilize chromium from the unsaturated zone. Cr(VI) co-occurred with oxyanions having similar chemistry, including vanadium, selenium, and uranium. Cr(VI) was positively correlated with nitrate, consistent with increased concentrations in areas of agricultural land use and mobilization of chromium from the unsaturated zone by irrigation return.",
   "description": "15 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "Elsevier"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Izbicki, John A. jaizbick@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "John A.",
       "familyName": "Izbicki",
       "email": "jaizbick@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0003-0816-4408",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Office of Ground Water",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources"
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "California Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Wright, Michael mtwright@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Michael",
       "familyName": "Wright",
       "email": "mtwright@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0003-0653-6466",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "California Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Seymour, Whitney A. wseymour@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Whitney A.",
       "familyName": "Seymour",
       "email": "wseymour@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-5999-6573",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-6573"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "California Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "McCleskey, R. Blaine rbmccles@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "R. Blaine",
       "familyName": "McCleskey",
       "email": "rbmccles@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-2521-8052",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "National Research Program - Central Branch",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/arizona-water-science-center"
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "National Research Program - Western Branch",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/arizona-water-science-center"
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Office of Water Quality",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Fram, Miranda S. mfram@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Miranda S.",
       "familyName": "Fram",
       "email": "mfram@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-6337-059X",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "California Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Belitz, Kenneth kbelitz@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Kenneth",
       "familyName": "Belitz",
       "email": "kbelitz@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0003-4481-2345",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Massachusetts Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/new-england-water-science-center"
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Office of Water Quality",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources"
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "New England Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/new-england-water-science-center"
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "National Water Quality Program",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/national-water-quality-program"
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "National Water Quality Assessment Program",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/national-water-quality-program"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Esser, Bradley K.",
       "givenName": "Bradley K.",
       "familyName": "Esser"
     }
   ],
   "funder": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "California Water Science Center",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/california-water-science-center"
     }
   ],
   "spatialCoverage": [
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "country",
       "name": "United States",
       "url": "https://geonames.org/4074035"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "state",
       "name": "California"
     }
   ]
 },
 "OpenAlex": {
   "abstract_inverted_index": {
     "Hexavalent": [
       0
     ],
     "chromium,": [
       1
     ],
     "Cr(VI),": [
       2,
       93
     ],
     "in": [
       3,
       44,
       67,
       103,
       113,
       135,
       139,
       142,
       168,
       172,
       185,
       230
     ],
     "918": [
       4
     ],
     "wells": [
       5,
       48,
       138,
       171
     ],
     "sampled": [
       6
     ],
     "throughout": [
       7
     ],
     "California": [
       8,
       57,
       145
     ],
     "between": [
       9
     ],
     "2004": [
       10
     ],
     "and": [
       11,
       18,
       49,
       99,
       110,
       115,
       127,
       129,
       152,
       193,
       218,
       236
     ],
     "2012": [
       12
     ],
     "by": [
       13,
       244
     ],
     "the": [
       14,
       27,
       53,
       143,
       176,
       179,
       205,
       241
     ],
     "Groundwater": [
       15
     ],
     "Ambient": [
       16
     ],
     "Monitoring": [
       17
     ],
     "Assessment-Priority": [
       19
     ],
     "Basin": [
       20
     ],
     "Project": [
       21
     ],
     "(GAMA-PBP)": [
       22
     ],
     "ranged": [
       23
     ],
     "from": [
       24,
       137,
       148,
       170,
       183,
       204,
       240
     ],
     "less": [
       25
     ],
     "than": [
       26
     ],
     "study": [
       28
     ],
     "reporting": [
       29
     ],
     "limit": [
       30
     ],
     "of": [
       31,
       47,
       64,
       70,
       88,
       178,
       232,
       238
     ],
     "1": [
       32
     ],
     "microgram": [
       33
     ],
     "per": [
       34
     ],
     "liter": [
       35
     ],
     "(\u03bcg/L)": [
       36
     ],
     "to": [
       37,
       82,
       120,
       189
     ],
     "32": [
       38
     ],
     "\u03bcg/L.": [
       39
     ],
     "Statewide,": [
       40
     ],
     "Cr(VI)": [
       41,
       63,
       72,
       79,
       134,
       167,
       208,
       220
     ],
     "was": [
       42,
       90,
       95,
       221
     ],
     "reported": [
       43
     ],
     "31": [
       45
     ],
     "percent": [
       46,
       69,
       87
     ],
     "equaled": [
       50
     ],
     "or": [
       51
     ],
     "exceeded": [
       52
     ],
     "recently": [
       54
     ],
     "established": [
       55
     ],
     "(2014)": [
       56
     ],
     "Maximum": [
       58
     ],
     "Contaminant": [
       59
     ],
     "Level": [
       60
     ],
     "(MCL)": [
       61
     ],
     "for": [
       62,
       75
     ],
     "10": [
       65
     ],
     "\u03bcg/L": [
       66
     ],
     "4": [
       68
     ],
     "wells.": [
       71
     ],
     "data": [
       73,
       131
     ],
     "collected": [
       74
     ],
     "regulatory": [
       76
     ],
     "purposes": [
       77
     ],
     "overestimated": [
       78
     ],
     "occurrence": [
       80
     ],
     "compared": [
       81,
       119
     ],
     "spatially-distributed": [
       83
     ],
     "GAMA-PBP": [
       84
     ],
     "data.": [
       85
     ],
     "Ninety": [
       86
     ],
     "chromium": [
       89,
       203,
       239
     ],
     "present": [
       91
     ],
     "as": [
       92,
       156
     ],
     "which": [
       94
     ],
     "detected": [
       96
     ],
     "more": [
       97,
       111
     ],
     "frequently": [
       98,
       112
     ],
     "at": [
       100
     ],
     "higher": [
       101
     ],
     "concentrations": [
       102,
       229
     ],
     "alkaline": [
       104
     ],
     "(pH": [
       105
     ],
     "\u2265": [
       106
     ],
     "8),": [
       107
     ],
     "oxic": [
       108,
       163
     ],
     "water;": [
       109
     ],
     "agricultural": [
       114,
       233
     ],
     "urban": [
       116
     ],
     "land": [
       117,
       122,
       234
     ],
     "uses": [
       118
     ],
     "native": [
       121
     ],
     "uses.": [
       123
     ],
     "Chemical,": [
       124
     ],
     "isotopic": [
       125
     ],
     "(tritium": [
       126
     ],
     "carbon-14),": [
       128
     ],
     "noble-gas": [
       130
     ],
     "show": [
       132
     ],
     "high": [
       133
     ],
     "water": [
       136,
       169
     ],
     "alluvial": [
       140,
       173
     ],
     "aquifers": [
       141,
       174
     ],
     "southern": [
       144
     ],
     "deserts": [
       146
     ],
     "result": [
       147
     ],
     "long": [
       149
     ],
     "groundwater-residence": [
       150
     ],
     "times": [
       151
     ],
     "geochemical": [
       153
     ],
     "reactions": [
       154
     ],
     "such": [
       155
     ],
     "silicate": [
       157
     ],
     "weathering": [
       158
     ],
     "that": [
       159,
       200
     ],
     "increase": [
       160
     ],
     "pH,": [
       161
     ],
     "while": [
       162
     ],
     "conditions": [
       164
     ],
     "persist.": [
       165
     ],
     "High": [
       166
     ],
     "along": [
       175
     ],
     "west-side": [
       177
     ],
     "Central": [
       180
     ],
     "Valley": [
       181
     ],
     "results": [
       182
     ],
     "high-chromium": [
       184
     ],
     "source": [
       186
     ],
     "rock": [
       187
     ],
     "eroded": [
       188
     ],
     "form": [
       190
     ],
     "those": [
       191
     ],
     "aquifers,": [
       192
     ],
     "areal": [
       194
     ],
     "recharge": [
       195
     ],
     "processes": [
       196
     ],
     "(including": [
       197
     ],
     "irrigation": [
       198,
       245
     ],
     "return)": [
       199
     ],
     "can": [
       201
     ],
     "mobilize": [
       202
     ],
     "unsaturated": [
       206,
       242
     ],
     "zone.": [
       207
     ],
     "co-occurred": [
       209
     ],
     "with": [
       210,
       224,
       227
     ],
     "oxyanions": [
       211
     ],
     "having": [
       212
     ],
     "similar": [
       213
     ],
     "chemistry,": [
       214
     ],
     "including": [
       215
     ],
     "vanadium,": [
       216
     ],
     "selenium,": [
       217
     ],
     "uranium.": [
       219
     ],
     "positively": [
       222
     ],
     "correlated": [
       223
     ],
     "nitrate,": [
       225
     ],
     "consistent": [
       226
     ],
     "increased": [
       228
     ],
     "areas": [
       231
     ],
     "use": [
       235
     ],
     "mobilization": [
       237
     ],
     "zone": [
       243
     ],
     "return.": [
       246
     ]
   },
   "apc_list": {
     "value": 3350,
     "currency": "USD",
     "value_usd": 3350,
     "provenance": "doaj"
   },
   "apc_paid": {
     "value": 3350,
     "currency": "USD",
     "value_usd": 3350,
     "provenance": "doaj"
   },
   "authorships": [
     {
       "author_position": "first",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5068555090",
         "display_name": "John A. Izbicki",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "John A. Izbicki",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "US Geological Survey, United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "US Geological Survey, United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5070119596",
         "display_name": "Michael T. Wright",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Michael T. Wright",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "US Geological Survey, United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "US Geological Survey, United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5038936130",
         "display_name": "Whitney A. Seymour",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-6573"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Whitney A. Seymour",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "US Geological Survey, United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "US Geological Survey, United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5011467787",
         "display_name": "R. Blaine McCleskey",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2521-8052"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "R. Blaine McCleskey",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "US Geological Survey, United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "US Geological Survey, United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5070463936",
         "display_name": "Miranda S. Fram",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Miranda S. Fram",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "US Geological Survey, United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "US Geological Survey, United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "middle",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5033970817",
         "display_name": "Kenneth Belitz",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
           "display_name": "United States Geological Survey",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/035a68863",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "government",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397",
             "https://openalex.org/I1335927249"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Kenneth Belitz",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "US Geological Survey, United States"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "US Geological Survey, United States",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1286329397"
           ]
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "author_position": "last",
       "author": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/A5019404893",
         "display_name": "B. K. Esser",
         "orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3219-4298"
       },
       "institutions": [
         {
           "id": "https://openalex.org/I1282311441",
           "display_name": "Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory",
           "ror": "https://ror.org/041nk4h53",
           "country_code": "US",
           "type": "facility",
           "lineage": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1282311441",
             "https://openalex.org/I1330989302",
             "https://openalex.org/I198811213",
             "https://openalex.org/I4210138311"
           ]
         }
       ],
       "countries": [
         "US"
       ],
       "is_corresponding": false,
       "raw_author_name": "Bradley K. Esser",
       "raw_affiliation_strings": [
         "Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States#TAB#"
       ],
       "affiliations": [
         {
           "raw_affiliation_string": "Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States#TAB#",
           "institution_ids": [
             "https://openalex.org/I1282311441"
           ]
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "best_oa_location": {
     "is_oa": true,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.08.007",
     "pdf_url": null,
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S105929320",
       "display_name": "Applied Geochemistry",
       "issn_l": "0883-2927",
       "issn": [
         "0883-2927",
         "1872-9134"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": true,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
       "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "Elsevier BV"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": "cc-by",
     "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by",
     "version": "publishedVersion",
     "is_accepted": true,
     "is_published": true
   },
   "biblio": {
     "volume": "63",
     "issue": null,
     "first_page": "203",
     "last_page": "217"
   },
   "cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1132777302",
   "cited_by_count": 103,
   "cited_by_percentile_year": {
     "min": 98,
     "max": 99
   },
   "concepts": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c76177295",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598",
       "display_name": "Groundwater",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.7303556,
       "qid": "Q159166"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c75622301",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791",
       "display_name": "Aquifer",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.7102834,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c2781468121",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660666",
       "display_name": "Hexavalent chromium",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.51950204,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c107872376",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355",
       "display_name": "Environmental chemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.51625824,
       "qid": "Q166131"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c118416809",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43483",
       "display_name": "Water well",
       "level": 3,
       "score": 0.5037009,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c174091901",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670986",
       "display_name": "Groundwater recharge",
       "level": 4,
       "score": 0.47282088,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c76886044",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300",
       "display_name": "Hydrology (agriculture)",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.4711313,
       "qid": "Q161210"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c88862950",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453",
       "display_name": "Irrigation",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.46168417,
       "qid": "Q159192"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c2776384668",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182168",
       "display_name": "Nitrate",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.43024483,
       "qid": null
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c511782168",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725",
       "display_name": "Chromium",
       "level": 2,
       "score": 0.39133188,
       "qid": "Q313"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c127313418",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069",
       "display_name": "Geology",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.3792457,
       "qid": "Q158984"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c39432304",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847",
       "display_name": "Environmental science",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.34407938,
       "qid": "Q166085"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c17409809",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764",
       "display_name": "Geochemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.3406062,
       "qid": "Q158980"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c185592680",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329",
       "display_name": "Chemistry",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.24601325,
       "qid": "Q166089"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c187320778",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130",
       "display_name": "Geotechnical engineering",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0,
       "qid": "Q226247"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c18903297",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150",
       "display_name": "Ecology",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0,
       "qid": "Q158972"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c178790620",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351",
       "display_name": "Organic chemistry",
       "level": 1,
       "score": 0.0,
       "qid": "Q166197"
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/c86803240",
       "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420",
       "display_name": "Biology",
       "level": 0,
       "score": 0.0,
       "qid": "Q158998"
     }
   ],
   "corresponding_author_ids": [],
   "corresponding_institution_ids": [],
   "countries_distinct_count": 1,
   "counts_by_year": [
     {
       "year": 2024,
       "cited_by_count": 5
     },
     {
       "year": 2023,
       "cited_by_count": 17
     },
     {
       "year": 2022,
       "cited_by_count": 14
     },
     {
       "year": 2021,
       "cited_by_count": 22
     },
     {
       "year": 2020,
       "cited_by_count": 14
     },
     {
       "year": 2019,
       "cited_by_count": 15
     },
     {
       "year": 2018,
       "cited_by_count": 7
     },
     {
       "year": 2017,
       "cited_by_count": 8
     },
     {
       "year": 2016,
       "cited_by_count": 1
     }
   ],
   "created_date": "2016-06-24",
   "datasets": [],
   "display_name": "Cr(VI) occurrence and geochemistry in water from public-supply wells in California",
   "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.08.007",
   "fulltext_origin": "ngrams",
   "fwci": 2.851,
   "grants": [],
   "has_fulltext": true,
   "id": "https://openalex.org/W1132777302",
   "ids": {
     "openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1132777302",
     "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.08.007",
     "mag": "1132777302"
   },
   "indexed_in": [
     "crossref"
   ],
   "institutions_distinct_count": 2,
   "is_paratext": false,
   "is_retracted": false,
   "keywords": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/hexavalent-chromium",
       "display_name": "Hexavalent Chromium",
       "score": 0.555282
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium",
       "display_name": "Chromium",
       "score": 0.506164
     }
   ],
   "language": "en",
   "locations": [
     {
       "is_oa": true,
       "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.08.007",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S105929320",
         "display_name": "Applied Geochemistry",
         "issn_l": "0883-2927",
         "issn": [
           "0883-2927",
           "1872-9134"
         ],
         "is_oa": false,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": true,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
         "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "Elsevier BV"
         ],
         "type": "journal"
       },
       "license": "cc-by",
       "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by",
       "version": "publishedVersion",
       "is_accepted": true,
       "is_published": true
     },
     {
       "is_oa": true,
       "landing_page_url": "https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1258512",
       "pdf_url": null,
       "source": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/S4306402487",
         "display_name": "OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)",
         "issn_l": null,
         "issn": null,
         "is_oa": true,
         "is_in_doaj": false,
         "is_core": false,
         "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/I139351228",
         "host_organization_name": "Office of Scientific and Technical Information",
         "host_organization_lineage": [
           "https://openalex.org/I139351228"
         ],
         "host_organization_lineage_names": [
           "Office of Scientific and Technical Information"
         ],
         "type": "repository"
       },
       "license": "other-oa",
       "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa",
       "version": "submittedVersion",
       "is_accepted": false,
       "is_published": false
     }
   ],
   "locations_count": 2,
   "mesh": [],
   "ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W1132777302/ngrams",
   "open_access": {
     "is_oa": true,
     "oa_status": "hybrid",
     "oa_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.08.007",
     "any_repository_has_fulltext": true
   },
   "primary_location": {
     "is_oa": true,
     "landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.08.007",
     "pdf_url": null,
     "source": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/S105929320",
       "display_name": "Applied Geochemistry",
       "issn_l": "0883-2927",
       "issn": [
         "0883-2927",
         "1872-9134"
       ],
       "is_oa": false,
       "is_in_doaj": false,
       "is_core": true,
       "host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310320990",
       "host_organization_name": "Elsevier BV",
       "host_organization_lineage": [
         "https://openalex.org/P4310320990"
       ],
       "host_organization_lineage_names": [
         "Elsevier BV"
       ],
       "type": "journal"
     },
     "license": "cc-by",
     "license_id": "https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by",
     "version": "publishedVersion",
     "is_accepted": true,
     "is_published": true
   },
   "primary_topic": {
     "id": "https://openalex.org/T11972",
     "display_name": "Chromium Bioremediation and Health Impacts",
     "score": 0.9991,
     "subfield": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2307",
       "display_name": "Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"
     },
     "field": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
       "display_name": "Environmental Science"
     },
     "domain": {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
       "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
     }
   },
   "publication_date": "2015-12-01",
   "publication_year": 2015,
   "referenced_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W1011738694",
     "https://openalex.org/W141107302",
     "https://openalex.org/W1488238944",
     "https://openalex.org/W1516485114",
     "https://openalex.org/W1518726473",
     "https://openalex.org/W1523856911",
     "https://openalex.org/W1524122788",
     "https://openalex.org/W1549921238",
     "https://openalex.org/W1551298157",
     "https://openalex.org/W1553980953",
     "https://openalex.org/W1561542953",
     "https://openalex.org/W1573933165",
     "https://openalex.org/W15743674",
     "https://openalex.org/W1608939572",
     "https://openalex.org/W1615551948",
     "https://openalex.org/W176079563",
     "https://openalex.org/W176638398",
     "https://openalex.org/W1967396129",
     "https://openalex.org/W1972180587",
     "https://openalex.org/W1972761036",
     "https://openalex.org/W1974035374",
     "https://openalex.org/W1975569242",
     "https://openalex.org/W1980799688",
     "https://openalex.org/W1983570733",
     "https://openalex.org/W1985514943",
     "https://openalex.org/W1989215013",
     "https://openalex.org/W2006581630",
     "https://openalex.org/W2009658086",
     "https://openalex.org/W2012445057",
     "https://openalex.org/W2027109257",
     "https://openalex.org/W2027764510",
     "https://openalex.org/W2035413328",
     "https://openalex.org/W2035524946",
     "https://openalex.org/W2045374242",
     "https://openalex.org/W2045937277",
     "https://openalex.org/W2049951224",
     "https://openalex.org/W2055854712",
     "https://openalex.org/W205706437",
     "https://openalex.org/W2057309321",
     "https://openalex.org/W2064299399",
     "https://openalex.org/W2082374730",
     "https://openalex.org/W2082436444",
     "https://openalex.org/W2083440692",
     "https://openalex.org/W2087666238",
     "https://openalex.org/W2094890042",
     "https://openalex.org/W2100921710",
     "https://openalex.org/W2100972528",
     "https://openalex.org/W2107691430",
     "https://openalex.org/W2109562681",
     "https://openalex.org/W2124631354",
     "https://openalex.org/W2125890697",
     "https://openalex.org/W2131067140",
     "https://openalex.org/W2137054618",
     "https://openalex.org/W2140714829",
     "https://openalex.org/W2142586898",
     "https://openalex.org/W2151474850",
     "https://openalex.org/W2155192148",
     "https://openalex.org/W2165143545",
     "https://openalex.org/W2165206493",
     "https://openalex.org/W2167302582",
     "https://openalex.org/W2261750944",
     "https://openalex.org/W229147653",
     "https://openalex.org/W2320842509",
     "https://openalex.org/W2413863314",
     "https://openalex.org/W2415671846",
     "https://openalex.org/W2477951139",
     "https://openalex.org/W2797446302",
     "https://openalex.org/W310214899",
     "https://openalex.org/W355622367",
     "https://openalex.org/W4205248548",
     "https://openalex.org/W4251075193",
     "https://openalex.org/W639361784"
   ],
   "referenced_works_count": 72,
   "related_works": [
     "https://openalex.org/W4308180602",
     "https://openalex.org/W4253279145",
     "https://openalex.org/W4236880322",
     "https://openalex.org/W2788572653",
     "https://openalex.org/W2756976259",
     "https://openalex.org/W2521474127",
     "https://openalex.org/W2392040957",
     "https://openalex.org/W2366965325",
     "https://openalex.org/W2080866025",
     "https://openalex.org/W2071522859"
   ],
   "sustainable_development_goals": [],
   "title": "Cr(VI) occurrence and geochemistry in water from public-supply wells in California",
   "topics": [
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T11972",
       "display_name": "Chromium Bioremediation and Health Impacts",
       "score": 0.9991,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2307",
         "display_name": "Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
         "display_name": "Environmental Science"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10180",
       "display_name": "Analytical Chemistry Techniques",
       "score": 0.996,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1602",
         "display_name": "Analytical Chemistry"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/16",
         "display_name": "Chemistry"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     },
     {
       "id": "https://openalex.org/T10139",
       "display_name": "Environmental Impact of Heavy Metal Contamination",
       "score": 0.996,
       "subfield": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/2310",
         "display_name": "Pollution"
       },
       "field": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/23",
         "display_name": "Environmental Science"
       },
       "domain": {
         "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
         "display_name": "Physical Sciences"
       }
     }
   ],
   "type": "article",
   "type_crossref": "journal-article",
   "updated_date": "2024-07-31T12:29:54.832822",
   "versions": [],
   "qid": null
 }

}