Item talk:Q167527

{

 "OpenAlex": {
   "display_name": "Impact of Railway Deregulation on Competition and Efficiency",
   "description": "This cluster of papers explores the impact of railway deregulation, privatization, and competition on efficiency, infrastructure charging, market entry barriers, vertical separation, and regulatory reform. It analyzes the effects of open access, franchising, and vertical/horizontal restructuring in various European and international railway systems.",
   "keywords": [
     "Railway Deregulation",
     "Competition",
     "Efficiency",
     "Privatization",
     "Infrastructure Charging",
     "Market Entry Barriers",
     "Vertical Separation",
     "Franchising",
     "Regulatory Reform",
     "Open Access"
   ],
   "ids": {
     "openalex": "https://openalex.org/T13439",
     "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport"
   },
   "subfield": {
     "id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1408",
     "display_name": "Strategy and Management"
   },
   "field": {
     "id": "https://openalex.org/fields/14",
     "display_name": "Business, Management and Accounting"
   },
   "domain": {
     "id": "https://openalex.org/domains/2",
     "display_name": "Social Sciences"
   },
   "updated_date": "2024-08-12T06:01:54.665264",
   "created_date": "2024-01-23",
   "type": "topic",
   "oa_id": "T13439",
   "id": "https://openalex.org/T13439"
 }

}