Item talk:Q228544

{

 "@context": "http://schema.org/",
 "@type": "WebPage",
 "additionalType": "Project",
 "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/climate-research-and-development-program/science/biogeochemistry-critical-zone-origin-and",
 "headline": "Biogeochemistry of the Critical Zone: Origin and Fate of Organic Matter",
 "datePublished": "December 4, 2018",
 "author": [
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Marjorie S Schulz",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/marjorie-s-schulz",
     "identifier": {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "orcid",
       "value": "0000-0001-5597-6447"
     }
   },
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Courtney Creamer",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/courtney-creamer",
     "identifier": {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "orcid",
       "value": "0000-0001-8270-9387"
     }
   }
 ],
 "description": [
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Why this Research is Important: Characterization of SOM under changing land use (e.g. restoration), soils of different ages (e.g. chronosequences), and changing ecosystems (e.g. different precipitation) will guide us toward best practices for long term SOM retention. This research has the potential to point to new and enduring pathways for accumulating carbon in soils, which has ramifications for future climate change."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "This research investigates SOM; how it reacts with minerals, moves with soil water, how microorganisms process SOM, and how SOM glues mineral phases together. These processes all affect what happens to carbon in soils. Microbes (bacteria, archaea, and fungi) change the quality of the SOM by metabolizing SOM and creating microbial biomass. This research investigates microbial processes and how microbes inhabit soil minerals, which in turn affects how SOM is retained across millennia."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Statement of Purpose: The processes of the critical zone sustain all life on earth. The critical zone is the earth\u2019s outer skin, extending from the top of the trees to the bottom of groundwater. Plants remove CO2 from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and move carbon to the soil either through litter falling to the soil surface or through root processes, which inject organic compounds directly into the soil in the rooting zone."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Objective(s): This project seeks to resolve several important issues;"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Methods: This project uses a variety of methods that interrogate SOM over many spatial and temporal scales: regionally across gradients of temperature and precipitation, at the landscape level (km) across gradients of soil age (12,000 to 225,000 years), at sampling sites (meters) in soil pits to examine soil development (cm) and characterize short-term (days to years) microbial processes, down to the sub-micron scale to characterize SOM-mineral connections with electron microscopy and characterization of microbial communities through DNA-based analyses."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Changing temperature, precipitation, and land use intensification has resulted in global soil degradation. The accompanying loss of soil organic matter (SOM) decreases important soil health services. Soil organic matter is a major global pool of carbon; if SOM can be increased, soils can mitigate elevated atmospheric CO2. However, there are major knowledge gaps in SOM persistence. This project looks to understand the processes that create SOM and to discover how SOM could persist for millennia."
   }
 ],
 "funder": {
   "@type": "Organization",
   "name": "Climate Research and Development Program",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/programs/climate-research-and-development-program"
 },
 "about": [
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Methods and Analysis"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Information Systems"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Ecosystems"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Science Technology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "soil organic matter"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Landscape Change and Impacts"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Climate"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Energy"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Soils"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Biology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Environmental Health"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Cycling of Carbon and Nutrients"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Biogeochemical Cycling"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Geology"
   }
 ]

}