Item talk:Q228259

{

 "@context": "http://schema.org/",
 "@type": "WebPage",
 "additionalType": "Project",
 "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water/science/super-gage-network",
 "headline": "Super Gage Network",
 "datePublished": "March 25, 2019",
 "author": [
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Jeffrey Woods",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/jeffrey-woods"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Angela Crain",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/angela-crain",
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       "value": "0000-0003-0969-6238"
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   },
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Aubrey Bunch",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/aubrey-bunch",
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       "value": "0000-0002-2453-3624"
     }
   },
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Erin Bertke",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/erin-bertke"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Molly Lott",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/molly-lott"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Myles Downhour",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/myles-downhour",
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 ],
 "description": [
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Super Gage"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "View the station data and more information for each site."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Super Gage Types"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "and/or where surrogates (developed from regression models) which are used to esitmate time series concentrations of constituents (such as suspended sediment, total nitrogen or total phosphorous)."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Data readings are collected at the super gage sites every 15 minutes via satellite, transmitted hourly, and processed into a national database. The data is uploaded to a national server that publishes the data to the public, making it real-time."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "From the surrogate model, we get computed or estimated concentrations of a constituent of greater interest."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Many states provide hourly computed concentrations and loads for sediment, nutrients, bacteria, and many additional constituents; uncertainty values and probabilities for exceeding drinking water or recreational criteria; frequency distribution curves; and all historical hourly in-stream sensor measurements."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "\"Surrogate\" Constituent Models are developed at USGS streamflow gages, called Super Gages, throughout Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. Each Super Gage deploys a variety of in-situ continuous water-quality monitors and is intermittently sampled for water-quality constituents over the range of hydrologic and seasonal conditions. By statistically combining continuous water-quality data with intermittent samples, models are developed to continuously estimate constituents that are not easily measured in real-time. For example, after a Surrogate Constituent Model is developed, turbidity (clarity of water) may be used to estimate suspended sediment concentration. Click here for a list of Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center Surrogate Constituent Models."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "What's a surrogate model?"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "What types of equipment do we use in a super gage?"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Want to Know More?"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Continuous concentrations can be used to determine continuous loads (mass transportover time) of key nutirents pr sediment. Concentration and loading data are updated hourly on the web and display intervals of 15 minutes to 4 hours."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Super gages provide real-time data specifically designed to improved our understanding of watershed processes and to address specific water-resource issues such as climate and land-use effects, water-related human health issues, floods and droughts, or hazardous substance spills. Our ability to model estimates of continuous data (sediment surrogates) and continuous nitrate data help improve estimates of loads to downstream critical areas such as the Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "How do we know the super gages are functioning correctly?"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "We develop surrogate models by"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Real-time water quality (RTWQ) refers to in-stream water-quality measurements made available on the web in real-time. Providing these data in real-time informs the user of stream conditions for various uses and public safety."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "A gage at which continuous flow and water level are determined, along with continuous traditional water-quality (water temperature, specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen, and/or turbidity) and either of the following criteria:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "What is a Super Gage?"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "at least one other less-traditional continuous water-quality parameter (orthophosphate, nitrate concentration)"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Super gages differ by the type of equipment deployed and available modeled constituents. Additional data, such as precipitation or water-quality samples, also may be collected. The specific site page lists all available data for each station."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "We do representative stream-width and depth-integrated sampling to verify the super gage data and to collect data for surrogate models."
   }
 ],
 "funder": {
   "@type": "Organization",
   "name": "Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/oki-water"
 },
 "about": [
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Environmental Health"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Harmful Algae Blooms"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Discrete Monitoring"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "SW Quality"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Environmental Monitoring"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Geology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Science Technology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Watershed and Lake Monitoring"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Suspended Sediment"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Hydrologic & Hydraulic Modeling"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Continuous Monitoring"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water Quality Trends Analysis"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Energy"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Super Gages"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Agriculture"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "sediment"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Rural/Urban Water Quality"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Surface Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Information Systems"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Contaminants"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "supergage"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Pesticides"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Methods and Analysis"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Nutrients"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "nutients"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Streamflow, Groundwater, and Lakes"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Algae Blooms"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water Quality"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Ecological Flows"
   }
 ]

}