Item talk:Q228217

{

 "@context": "http://schema.org/",
 "@type": "WebPage",
 "additionalType": "Topic",
 "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/upper-midwest-water-science-center/science/glri-urban-stormwater-monitoring",
 "headline": "GLRI Urban Stormwater Monitoring",
 "datePublished": "April 13, 2019",
 "author": [
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "William R Selbig",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/william-r-selbig",
     "identifier": {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "orcid",
       "value": "0000-0003-1403-8280"
     }
   }
 ],
 "description": [
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Since the late 1970s, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), through authorization under the Clean Water Act, has regulated stormwater runoff from drainage systems to waters of the United States. The EPA works with states to establish numerical limitations on priority pollutants specified by Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Additionally, state and local agencies have established their own pollution reduction goals in urban areas. In response, municipalities adjacent to the Great Lakes are implementing watershed management plans that call for the implementation of green infrastructure and other stormwater control measures to reduce the impacts of contaminated runoff on nearshore water quality at beaches and other coastal areas. Since 2010, the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) has sponsored several programs that support the reduction of nonpoint source pollution impacts on nearshore health; however, high-quality data on the operational and performance characteristics of green infrastructure and other stormwater control measures are needed to assess their overall performance."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Key elements of the Urban Stormwater Monitoring effort include:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The main goal of the Urban Stormwater Monitoring effort is to provide a unified approach to continually improve and develop meaningful ways to describe rainfall, runoff, inflow, outflow, and infiltration characteristics of green infrastructure practices and their potential benefits to receiving waters. The USGS has a long history of developing innovative technologies and techniques used in the measurement, evaluation, and interpretation of stormwater runoff and the contaminants it transports."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Developing the capability to accurately evaluate the water quantity and quality benefits of an increasingly diverse number of urban stormwater control measures represents a significant challenge that requires new approaches and the standardization of evaluation methods. The Urban Stormwater Monitoring effort brings together the expertise of USGS scientists in developing innovative technologies and techniques together with local and national partners to quantify the change in stormwater flows resulting from the use of green infrastructure and to clarify how stormwater control measures affect stormwater flow and water-budget dynamics in urban settings."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The GLRI Urban Stormwater Monitoring effort brings together the expertise of the USGS with local and national partners to assess the ability of green infrastructure to reduce stormwater runoff in Great Lakes urban areas."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The following are common questions that the Urban Stormwater Monitoring effort is designed to answer:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The term \u201curban stormwater\u201d refers to rainfall or snowmelt that is not absorbed by the ground, but rather flows off impervious surfaces such as road, roofs, and parking lots. Urban stormwater flows into storm drains that are typically routed directly to receiving water bodies. During heavy rainfall, excess stormwater runoff can cause localized flooding and lead to combined sewer overflows. In the Great Lakes basin, urban stormwater eventually makes it into the nearest Great Lake through a network of storm drains and pipes that either discharge runoff to surface waters or divert it to a sewage treatment plant, where it is treated at a significant cost prior to being discharged to receiving waters. Stormwater can transport a wide variety of contaminants such as sediment, metals, nutrients, bacteria, and organic compounds. In urban watersheds, excess stormwater can cause problems such as localized flooding, changes in flow, increased sedimentation, increased water temperature, reduced dissolved oxygen, degradation of aquatic habitat structure, loss of fish and other aquatic populations, and decreased water quality."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The potential benefits from proper implementation of green infrastructure include:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Stormwater management measures may be implemented as part of state, tribal, or local programs for a variety of purposes, including the protection of water resources, aquatic wildlife habitat, and land from increased contaminants and flood risks. Urban stormwater management options include the implementation of green infrastructure, which is designed to reduce or delay peak flow and volume of runoff by holding stormwater on-site, encouraging infiltration, and enhancing evapotranspiration. The types and scales of green infrastructure options are numerous and varied, and ideally each is engineered to fit local conditions such as space limitations, climate, slope, drainage area, soil, and geologic materials. Common green infrastructure options include bioswales, rain gardens, and converting impervious to pervious surfaces."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Evaluating these stormwater-reduction benefits through a comprehensive, scientific assessment will provide valuable information about the effectiveness and performance of green infrastructure over a range of conditions. The data collected and the innovative methods being developed to monitor stormwater control measures should help improve the design, construction, and assessment of green infrastructure in a multitude of locations and environments."
   }
 ],
 "funder": {
   "@type": "Organization",
   "name": "Upper Midwest Water Science Center",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/upper-midwest-water-science-center"
 },
 "about": [
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Environmental Health"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "stormwater"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Geology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Advanced Capabilities and Research"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Science Technology"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Best Management Practices"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Nonpoint Source Pollution Impacts on Nearshore Health"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI)"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Floods, Droughts, and Hazards"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Flood Science"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water Balance"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Energy"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Storm Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Surface Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Lake Water Quality"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Information Systems"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Floods and Droughts"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water Sustainability"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Stream Water Quality"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Floods"
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   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Methods and Analysis"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Rural Water Quality"
   },
   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Urban Hydrology"
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   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water Quality"
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   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "Water Availability"
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     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "GLRI"
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   {
     "@type": "Thing",
     "name": "runoff"
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 ]

}