Item talk:Q227065

{

 "@context": "http://schema.org/",
 "@type": "WebPage",
 "additionalType": "Project",
 "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/proxies-project",
 "headline": "Proxies Project",
 "datePublished": "July 10, 2023",
 "author": [
   {
     "@type": "Person",
     "name": "Mark Marvin-DiPasquale, PhD",
     "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/mark-marvin-dipasquale",
     "identifier": {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "orcid",
       "value": "0000-0002-8186-9167"
     }
   }
 ],
 "description": [
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Data Releases"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Data Release"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "To achieve these objectives, the EoC workgroup is using:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The three hydrologic basins for these studies include:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Additional PFAS-focused studies are also being conducted in Cape Cod and the Potomac River Basin."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "This webpage has links to all products resulting from the Proxies Project. The sections below provide more information on the goals, objectives, and approaches for each of the three workgroups, as addressed by this four-year effort (fiscal years 2021-2024)."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Elements of concern (EoC) are a group of elements that are monitored at the local, regional, or\u202fnational level because of their known toxicity in aquatic systems.\u200b Traditional, discrete water sampling approaches for monitoring EoC concentrations require a lot of time and money, and often involve prolonged wait times for obtaining results.\u202fContinuous proxy measurement of EoCs in rivers allows for more rapid and (near) real-time estimates of EoC concentrations, which may reveal unhealthy levels of EoC sooner. Proxy approaches for estimating EoC concentrations across large spatial scales (sub-basins and basins) can help identify sources of EoC and show how far EoC travel."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The Proxies Project is a series of studies to improve our understanding of water contaminants and water quality hazards. These studies develop models and technical approaches for estimating concentrations and assessing risk associated with:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Contact: Jennifer Murphy"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "In-situ sensors provide continuous, high-resolution data for a wide range of water quality metrics, which are necessary for proxy model development."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The main goals of the HABs part of the Proxies Project are to:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Web Tool"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of chemicals that:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Web ToolCatalogue of Geospatial Datasets for the USGS Water Quality Program, Proxies Project"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Contact: Mark Marvin-DiPasquale, Blaine McCleskey"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The three workgroups that make up the Project are taking a combination of approaches to develop proxy models for the three water contaminants (PFAS and EoC) and water quality hazards (HABs) noted above, although all workgroups are using:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Specific objectives of the HABs studies include:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "To meet these objectives, the PFAS workgroup uses a combination of:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Web tool"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The main goals of the EoC part of the Proxies Project are to:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Harmful algal blooms (HABs) happen when naturally occurring algae become very abundant and (or) releases toxins that can be harmful to people, pets, and wildlife. We generally understand the major drivers of HABs, like high water temperature, slow water, and sunlight. But we understand less about how these factors interact to start a HAB at a particular place and time, particularly when and where HABs occur in flowing water, like rivers and streams."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Specific objectives of the PFAS studies include:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Papers"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Software or code"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "A \u2018proxy\u2019 (also known as a \u2018surrogate\u2019) is a measurement or model of one thing that helps us to understand some other thing that we\u2019re interested in (like HABs, PFAS, or EoC). The proxy is typically simpler, cheaper, and (or) more rapidly measured than the direct measurement of the thing we\u2019re interested in. In this project, the proxies we can readily measure or model are water constituents (like temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and salinity) and physical processes (like streamflow and runoff). The things we\u2019re interested in are the water quality hazards and contaminants."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Contact: Larry Barber, Doug Kent"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Harmful Algal Blooms \u2022 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances \u2022 Elements of Concern"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The HABs workgroup is using existing data sources and a combination of geospatial analytics, machine learning, and modeling to meet these objectives."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The specific studies are being conducted in hydrologic basins. A hydrologic basin is an area of land where all the precipitation drains into a specific river, like the Mississippi River Basin or the Columbia River Basin. The studies in the Proxies Project range from sub-basins (small drainage areas completely contained within larger basins) to multi-basins (independent large basins or groups of interconnected basins). This big range in spatial scale makes it easier to take the approaches and models developed by the Proxies Project and ultimately apply them to the whole country."
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "- harmful algal blooms (HABs) - per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) - 12 elements of concern (EoC)"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The main goals of the PFAS component of the Proxies Project are to:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Specific objectives of the EoC studies include:"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "Project Wide Product"
   },
   {
     "@type": "TextObject",
     "text": "The current approach for measuring PFAS concentrations in natural waters, like rivers and lakes, is\u202fliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry\u2014an analytical method that is very good at detecting PFAS in water. However, this method is expensive and often involves long wait times for results.\u202fNew proxy models and sensor-based technologies provide faster estimates of PFAS concentrations in water at a finer spatial scale. This information helps identify where we need to collect discrete water samples (samples of water collected at one point in time and taken back to a laboratory for analysis) and when we need to use traditional analytical approaches to quantify PFAS concentrations."
   }
 ],
 "funder": {
   "@type": "Organization",
   "name": "Water Resources Mission Area",
   "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources"
 },
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     "name": "Science Technology"
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     "name": "Information Systems"
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}