Item talk:Q56311
{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "CreativeWork", "additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series", "name": "K\u012blauea\u2019s 2008\u20132018 summit lava lake\u2014Chronology and eruption insights", "identifier": [{"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "pp1867A", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1867A"}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70217131}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.3133/pp1867A", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1867A"}], "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [{"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Professional Paper"}], "datePublished": "2021", "dateModified": "2024-06-18", "abstract": "The first eruption at K\u012blauea\u2019s summit in 25 years began on March 19, 2008, and persisted for 10 years. The onset of the eruption marked the first explosive activity at the summit since 1924, forming the new \u201cOverlook crater\u201d (as the 2008 summit eruption crater has been informally named) within the existing crater of Halema\u02bbuma\u02bbu. The first year consisted of sporadic lava activity deep within the Overlook crater. Occasional small explosions deposited spatter and small wall-rock lithic pieces around the Halema\u02bbuma\u02bbu rim. After a month-long pause at the end of 2008, deep sporadic lava lake activity returned in 2009. Continuous lava lake activity began in February 2010. The lake rose significantly in late 2010 and early 2011, before subsequently draining briefly in March 2011. This disruption of the summit eruption was triggered by eruptive activity on the East Rift Zone. Rising lake levels through 2012 established a more stable, larger lake in 2013, with continued enlargement over the subsequent 5 years. Lava reached the Overlook crater rim and overflowed on the Halema\u02bbuma\u02bbu floor in brief episodes in 2015, 2016, and 2018, but the lake level was more commonly 20\u201360 meters below the rim during 2014\u201318. The lake was approximately 280\u00d7200 meters (~42,000 square meters) by early 2018 and formed one of the two largest lava lakes on Earth.A new eruption began in the lower East Rift Zone on May 3, 2018, causing magma to drain from the summit reservoir complex. The lava in Halema\u02bbuma\u02bbu had drained below the crater floor by May 10, followed by collapse of the Overlook and Halema\u02bbuma\u02bbu craters. The collapse region expanded as much of the broader summit caldera floor subsided incrementally during June and July. By early August 2018, the collapse sequence had ended, and the summit was quiet. The historical changes in May\u2013August 2018 brought a dramatic end to the decade of sustained activity at K\u012blauea\u2019s summit.The unique accessibility of the 2008\u201318 lava lake provided new observations of lava lake behavior and open-vent basaltic outgassing. Data indicated that explosions were triggered by rockfalls from the crater walls, that the lake consisted of a low-density foamy lava, that cycles of gas pistoning were rooted at shallow depths in the lake, and that lake level fluctuations were closely tied to the pressure of the summit magma reservoir. Lava chemistry added further support for an efficient hydraulic connection between the summit and East Rift Zone. Notwithstanding the benefits to scientific understanding, the eruption presented a persistent hazard of volcanic air pollution (vog) that commonly extended far from K\u012blauea\u2019s summit.", "description": "viii, 50 p.", "publisher": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"}, "author": [{"@type": "Person", "name": "Patrick, Matthew R. mpatrick@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Matthew R.", "familyName": "Patrick", "email": "mpatrick@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-8042-6639", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Tim R.", "familyName": "Orr", "email": "torr@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-1157-7588", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Swanson, Don donswan@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Don", "familyName": "Swanson", "email": "donswan@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-1680-3591", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Houghton, Bruce F.", "givenName": "Bruce F.", "familyName": "Houghton", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-7532-9770", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-9770"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "University of Hawai`i at Hilo"}, {"@type": "Organization", "name": "University of Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Wooten, Kelly M.", "givenName": "Kelly M.", "familyName": "Wooten"}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Desmither, Liliana G.", "givenName": "Liliana G.", "familyName": "Desmither", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-2422-3490", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-3490"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Parcheta, Carolyn", "givenName": "Carolyn", "familyName": "Parcheta", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0001-6556-4630", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-4630"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Fee, David", "givenName": "David", "familyName": "Fee"}], "editor": [{"@type": "Person", "name": "Patrick, Matthew R. mpatrick@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Matthew R.", "familyName": "Patrick", "email": "mpatrick@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-8042-6639", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Orr, Tim R. torr@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Tim R.", "familyName": "Orr", "email": "torr@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-1157-7588", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Volcano Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/volcano-science-center"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Swanson, Don donswan@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Don", "familyName": "Swanson", "email": "donswan@usgs.gov", 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