Item talk:Q265805
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"name": "Genetic diversity among brazilian isolates of beauveria bassiana: comparisons with non-brazilian isolates and other beauveria species",
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"abstract": "Aims: The genetic diversity of Beauveria bassiana was investigated by comparing isolates of this species to each other (49 from different geographical regions of Brazil and 4 from USA) and to other Beauveria spp. Methods and Results: The isolates were examined by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and rDNA sequencing. MLEE and AFLP revealed considerable genetic variability among B. bassiana isolates. Several isolates from South and Southeast Brazil had high similarity coefficients, providing evidence of at least one population with clonal structure. There were clear genomic differences between most Brazilian and USA B. bassiana isolates. A Mantel test using data generated by AFLP provided evidence that greater geographical distances were associated with higher genetic distances. AFLP and rDNA sequencing demonstrated notable genotypic variation between B. bassiana and other Beauveria spp. Conclusion: Geographical distance between populations apparently is an important factor influencing genotypic variability among B. bassiana populations in Brazil. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study characterized many B. bassiana isolates. The results indicate that certain Brazilian isolates are considerably different from others and possibly should be regarded as separate species from B. bassiana sensu latu. The information on genetic variation among the Brazilian isolates, therefore, will be important to comprehending the population structure of B. bassiana in Brazil. ?? 2009 The Society for Applied Microbiology.",
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1169
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1170
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1171,
1301,
1388
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1173
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1174
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1175
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1180
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1188,
1362
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2524,
3354,
3366,
3615,
3984
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1193,
2373
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1194
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1196,
1381,
1393,
4021
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1203
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1206,
2809
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1213
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1214
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3478
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1354,
2366,
2786,
2940,
3568,
3839
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1220
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1221
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1223
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1224
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1225,
3572
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1226
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1228
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1230
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1235
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1237
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1238
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1239
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1245
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1254
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1269
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1270
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1272,
2798
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1273
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1276
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1277
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1280
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1283
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1288,
2385
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1290
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1298
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1306,
1412
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1308
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1309
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1311
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1312,
2174,
2481,
2878
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1314
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1319
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1320,
2029
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1328
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1331,
3577
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1332,
3578
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1333
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1339
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1341
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1344
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1347,
2128,
2348,
3945
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1351
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1356,
2338,
3962,
4080
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1360
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1364,
3218,
3574,
4007
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1370
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1372
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1377,
1417,
3979
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1378,
3980
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1383
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1386
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1390,
2591
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1395
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1397
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1399,
1401,
4073,
4101
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1400,
1402
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1403,
2454,
2845,
4129
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1406
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1410
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1413
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1415
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1418,
3640
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1419,
4128
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1420
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1421
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1422
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1423
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1424
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1425
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1426,
2491,
2913,
3057,
3127,
3135,
3197,
3251,
3444,
3705,
3743,
4148,
4152,
4158,
4161,
4163,
4171,
4177,
4182,
4190,
4196,
4199,
4201,
4209,
4215,
4218,
4220,
4228,
4234,
4237,
4239,
4247,
4253,
4258,
4266,
4272,
4275,
4277,
4285,
4291,
4294,
4296,
4304,
4313,
4315,
4322,
4323,
4329,
4334,
4342,
4348,
4351,
4353,
4361,
4367,
4370,
4372,
4380,
4386,
4389,
4391,
4398,
4399,
4405,
4408,
4410,
4418,
4424,
4427,
4429,
4456,
4462,
4467,
4494,
4500,
4505,
4513,
4519,
4522,
4524,
4532,
4538,
4543,
4550,
4551,
4560,
4562,
4570,
4576,
4579,
4581,
4589,
4595,
4598,
4600,
4608,
4614,
4617,
4619,
4626,
4627,
4633,
4634,
4636,
4645,
4651,
4654,
4664,
4670,
4673,
4675,
4683,
4686,
4688,
4689,
4694,
4702,
4708,
4713,
4721,
4727,
4732,
4740,
4746,
4749,
4751,
4759,
4765,
4767,
4770,
4778,
4784,
4787,
4789,
4796,
4797,
4803,
4806,
4808,
4816,
4822
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1427,
1440,
1453,
1466,
1479,
1492,
1505,
1518,
1531,
1544,
1557,
1570,
1583,
2193,
4149,
4168,
4187,
4206,
4225,
4244,
4263,
4282,
4301,
4320,
4339,
4358,
4377
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1428,
1771,
4662
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1429,
1442,
1455,
1468,
1481,
1494,
1507,
1520,
1533,
1546,
1559,
1572,
1585,
1598,
1611
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1430,
1443,
1456,
1469,
1482,
1495,
1508,
1521,
1534,
1547,
1560,
1573,
1586,
1599,
1612
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1431,
1444,
1457,
1470,
1483,
1496,
1509,
1522,
1535,
1548,
1561,
1574,
1587
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1436,
1449,
1462,
1475,
1488,
1501,
1514,
1527,
1540,
1553,
1566,
1579,
1592
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1437,
1450,
1463,
1476,
1489,
1502,
1515,
1528,
1541,
1554,
1567,
1580,
1593,
1606
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1438,
1451,
1464,
1477,
1490,
1503,
1516,
1529,
1542,
1555,
1568,
1581,
1594
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1439,
3227,
3272,
3428,
3756,
3775,
4159,
4160,
4162,
4167,
4178,
4179,
4197,
4198,
4200,
4216,
4217,
4219,
4235,
4236,
4238,
4254,
4255,
4257,
4273,
4274,
4276,
4292,
4293,
4295,
4311,
4312,
4314,
4330,
4333,
4349,
4350,
4352,
4368,
4369,
4371,
4387,
4388,
4390,
4406,
4407,
4409,
4425,
4426,
4428,
4463,
4464,
4465,
4466,
4502,
4503,
4520,
4521,
4539,
4540,
4541,
4557,
4558,
4559,
4561,
4577,
4578,
4596,
4597,
4599,
4615,
4616,
4630,
4635,
4637,
4638,
4648,
4652,
4653,
4656,
4671,
4672,
4674,
4690,
4691,
4692,
4693,
4709,
4711,
4716,
4728,
4729,
4730,
4731,
4747,
4748,
4750,
4761,
4768,
4785,
4786,
4788,
4804,
4805,
4807,
4820,
4824,
4825,
4826
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1441,
4169
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"13": [
1454,
1582,
4188,
4376
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1467,
1608,
4207,
4414
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1478,
3062,
3067,
3071,
3121,
3176,
3201,
3733,
4224,
4318
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1480,
1656,
4490
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1491,
3172,
4243,
4830
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1493,
1681,
4245,
4528
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1504,
4262
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1506,
1706,
3829,
4264,
4566
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1517,
4281,
4527,
4546,
4565,
4773
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1519,
1532,
1757,
4283,
4642
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1530,
4300
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1545,
1851,
3737,
4321,
4793
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1556,
4338
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1558,
1887
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1569,
4357
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"44": [
1571,
1963,
4359
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1584,
1990,
4097,
4378
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1595,
4395
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1596,
2278,
4396
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1597,
1841,
1877,
4397
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1605
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1607
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1609,
1964,
2245,
2255,
4415
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1610
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1613,
1856
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1615,
1823,
1858
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1860
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1618,
1861
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1619,
1680,
2046,
2059,
2069,
2136
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1620,
4036,
4054,
4433
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1621,
1633,
1646,
1657,
1668,
1682,
1694,
1707,
1722,
1733,
1770,
1781,
1792,
1803,
1817,
1829,
1852,
1876,
1888,
1899,
1910,
1925,
1938,
1951,
1991,
2004,
2017,
2039,
2048,
2061,
2218,
4434,
4453,
4472,
4491,
4510,
4529,
4548,
4567,
4586,
4605,
4661,
4680,
4699,
4718,
4737,
4756,
4794,
4832
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1622,
4435
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1623,
1635,
1648,
1659,
1670,
1684,
1696,
1709,
1724,
1735,
1746,
1759,
1772,
1783,
1794,
1805,
1819,
1831,
1842,
1854,
1866,
1878,
2097
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1624,
1636,
1649,
1660,
1671,
1685,
1697,
1710,
1725,
1736,
1747,
1760
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1625,
1880
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1626,
1881
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1627,
1882
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1884,
2035
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1630,
1885,
2036
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1779,
1862,
1977,
1989,
2115
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1632,
1853,
4452,
4795
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"222": [
1634,
4454
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1637,
1929,
1942
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1639
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"Amazonas,": [
1640,
1662,
1775,
1932,
1945
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1642
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"67\u00b021\u2032W": [
1643
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1644,
1936,
1949,
2093
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"18": [
1645,
4471
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"227": [
1647,
4473
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1650
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1651
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"04\u00b010\u2032S": [
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1838,
1897
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"228": [
1658,
4492
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1661,
1774
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1777
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1778
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1801,
2002
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"20": [
1667,
4509
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1669,
4511
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"Pelotas,": [
1672
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1674,
1809,
1971
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1676,
1716,
1811,
1919,
1973,
1997
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"31\u00b046\u2032S": [
1678
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"52\u00b020\u2032W": [
1679
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"464": [
1683,
4530
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"Francisco": [
1686
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"Beltr\u00e3o,": [
1687
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1688,
1727
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"26\u00b050\u2032S": [
1690
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"53\u00b040\u2032W": [
1691
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"1984": [
1692,
1815,
1886,
2028
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"22": [
1693,
4547
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"481": [
1695,
4549
],
"Ribeira": [
1698,
2008
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"Pombal,": [
1700,
2010
],
"Bahia,": [
1701,
2011,
2065
],
"10\u00b050\u2032S": [
1703,
2013
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"38\u00b032\u2032W": [
1704,
2014
],
"1985": [
1705,
1742,
1962,
2015
],
"484": [
1708,
4568
],
"Ponta": [
1711,
1914
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"Por\u00e3,": [
1712,
1915
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"Mato": [
1713,
1916,
1984
],
"Grosso": [
1714,
1917
],
"22\u00b032\u2032S": [
1718,
1921
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"55\u00b044\u2032W": [
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1922
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1720,
1827,
1908,
1923
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"24": [
1721,
3871,
4585
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"495": [
1723
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"Londrina,": [
1726
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"23\u00b018\u2032S": [
1729
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"51\u00b010\u2032W": [
1730
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"1987": [
1731
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"25": [
1732,
4604
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"500": [
1734,
3085,
4606
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"Goi\u00e2nia,": [
1737,
1833,
1892
],
"Goi\u00e1s,": [
1738,
1834,
1893,
1904,
1998,
2042
],
"16\u00b044\u2032S": [
1740,
1836,
1895
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"49\u00b015\u2032W": [
1741,
1837,
1896
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"26": [
1743,
2595,
4030,
4623
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1744,
2085,
2095,
2106,
2130,
2140,
2168,
4624
],
"252": [
1745,
4625
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"Orono,": [
1748
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"Maine,": [
1749
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"United": [
1750,
1762,
1868,
2075,
2179,
2189,
2274
],
"States": [
1751,
1763,
1869,
2076,
2180,
2190,
2275
],
"America": [
1753,
1765,
1871,
2078
],
"44\u00b053\u2032S": [
1754
],
"68\u00b041\u2032W": [
1755
],
"1978": [
1756
],
"GHA": [
1758,
2262,
4643
],
"Montana,": [
1761
],
"46\u00b042\u2032S": [
1766
],
"109\u00b032\u2032W": [
1767
],
"1980": [
1768,
2104
],
"Curculionidae)": [
1773,
1784,
1795,
1806,
1820,
1832,
1843
],
"29": [
1780,
3231,
4679
],
"138": [
1782,
4681
],
"Recife,": [
1785
],
"Pernambuco,": [
1786,
2161
],
"08\u00b005\u2032S": [
1788
],
"34\u00b055\u2032W": [
1789
],
"1989": [
1790,
1850,
2165
],
"30": [
1791,
3238,
3244,
4698
],
"367": [
1793,
4700
],
"Aracaju,": [
1796
],
"Sergipe,": [
1797
],
"19\u00b054\u2032S": [
1799
],
"37\u00b040\u2032W": [
1800
],
"31": [
1802,
4302,
4717
],
"471": [
1804,
4719
],
"Iju\u00ed,": [
1807
],
"28\u00b023\u2032S": [
1813
],
"53\u00b055\u2032W": [
1814
],
"32": [
1816,
4736
],
"478": [
1818
],
"Campinas,": [
1821
],
"22\u00b055\u2032S": [
1825
],
"47\u00b050\u2032W": [
1826
],
"33": [
1828,
4755
],
"483": [
1830,
4757
],
"34": [
1839,
4774
],
"EP": [
1840,
2229,
4775
],
"Itaja\u00ed,": [
1844
],
"Santa": [
1845,
2023,
2239
],
"Catarina,": [
1846,
2024
],
"26\u00b054\u2032S": [
1848
],
"48\u00b040\u2032W": [
1849
],
"Scolytidae)": [
1855,
1867,
1879
],
"36": [
1863,
4812
],
"UFPE": [
1864,
2030,
2157,
2295,
4813
],
"496": [
1865,
4814
],
"38\u00b054\u2032S": [
1872
],
"77\u00b020\u2032W": [
1873,
2080
],
"1955": [
1874,
2037
],
"37": [
1875,
4831
],
"149": [
1889
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"(Homoptera:": [
1890,
1901,
1912,
2087
],
"Cercopidae)": [
1891,
1902,
1913
],
"39": [
1898
],
"154": [
1900
],
"Jata\u00ed,": [
1903
],
"17\u00b053\u2032S": [
1906
],
"51\u00b047\u2032W": [
1907
],
"40": [
1909
],
"234": [
1911
],
"41": [
1924
],
"206": [
1926
],
"(Hymenoptera:": [
1927,
1940,
1953,
1966,
1981,
1993,
2006,
2019
],
"Vespidae)": [
1928,
1941,
1954
],
"Arapapa,": [
1931,
1944
],
"00\u00b033\u2032S": [
1934,
1947
],
"69\u00b010\u2032W": [
1935,
1948
],
"42": [
1937
],
"235": [
1939
],
"43": [
1950
],
"479": [
1952,
2031
],
"Santana": [
1955
],
"Ipanema,": [
1957
],
"Alagoas,": [
1958
],
"09\u00b022\u2032S": [
1960
],
"37\u00b014\u2032W": [
1961
],
"747": [
1965
],
"Formicidae)": [
1967,
1982,
1994,
2007
],
"Bel\u00e9m": [
1968
],
"Novo,": [
1969
],
"30\u00b013\u2032N": [
1975
],
"51\u00b011\u2032W": [
1976
],
"45": [
1978,
3749
],
"CCT": [
1979,
2071,
2209
],
"4641": [
1980
],
"Cuiab\u00e1,": [
1983
],
"Grosso,": [
1985
],
"15\u00b037\u2032S": [
1987
],
"56\u00b060\u2032W": [
1988
],
"251": [
1992
],
"Colinas": [
1995
],
"14\u00b012\u2032S": [
2000
],
"48\u00b030\u2032W": [
2001
],
"47": [
2003
],
"480": [
2005
],
"48": [
2016
],
"487": [
2018
],
"Apoidea)": [
2020
],
"Carlos,": [
2022
],
"27\u00b004\u2032S": [
2026
],
"52\u00b059\u2032W": [
2027
],
"(Lepidoptera:": [
2032
],
"Bombycidae)": [
2033
],
"50": [
2038,
2458,
2853,
3089,
3105,
3124,
3213,
3493,
3685,
3692,
3719
],
"307": [
2040
],
"Soil": [
2041,
2050,
2063,
2108
],
"15\u00b056\u2032S": [
2044
],
"50\u00b080\u2032W": [
2045
],
"51": [
2047,
4090
],
"309": [
2049
],
"Salto": [
2051
],
"da": [
2052,
2298
],
"Divisa,": [
2053
],
"Minas": [
2054
],
"Gerais,": [
2055
],
"16\u00b000\u2032S": [
2057
],
"39\u00b057\u2032W": [
2058
],
"52": [
2060
],
"310": [
2062
],
"Jequi\u00e9,": [
2064
],
"13\u00b052\u2032S": [
2067
],
"40\u00b050\u2032W": [
2068
],
"53": [
2070,
3552,
3832,
4086
],
"3161": [
2072
],
"Laboratory": [
2073
],
"contaminant": [
2074
],
"38\u00b054\u2032N": [
2079
],
"1970": [
2081
],
"amorpha": [
2083,
2345,
3942
],
"54": [
2084
],
"656": [
2086
],
"Cicadellidae)": [
2088
],
"Hunan,": [
2089
],
"China": [
2090
],
"28\u00b043\u2032N": [
2091
],
"114\u00b040\u2032E": [
2092
],
"55": [
2094
],
"1682": [
2096
],
"Scarabaeidae)": [
2098
],
"Nagano": [
2099
],
"Prefecture,": [
2100
],
"Japan": [
2101
],
"36\u00b006\u2032N": [
2102
],
"138\u00b011\u2032E": [
2103
],
"56": [
2105
],
"4755": [
2107
],
"Bruny": [
2109
],
"Island,": [
2110
],
"Tasmania,": [
2111
],
"Australia": [
2112
],
"43\u00b022\u2032S": [
2113
],
"147\u00b017\u2032E": [
2114
],
"brongniartii": [
2117,
2336,
3842,
3935
],
"57": [
2118
],
"ATCC": [
2119,
2183
],
"58798": [
2120
],
"(Diptera:": [
2121
],
"Tipulidae)": [
2122
],
"Czechoslovakia": [
2123
],
"50\u00b005\u2032N": [
2124
],
"13\u00b046\u2032E": [
2125
],
"?": [
2126
],
"58": [
2129,
4076
],
"2998": [
2131
],
"(Lepidoptera)": [
2132
],
"Ecuador": [
2133
],
"00\u00b012\u2032S": [
2134
],
"78\u00b045\u2032W": [
2135
],
"vermiconia": [
2138,
2356,
3953
],
"59": [
2139
],
"2922": [
2141
],
"Vulcanic": [
2142
],
"ash": [
2143
],
"Valdivia,": [
2144
],
"Los": [
2145
],
"Lagos,": [
2146
],
"Chile": [
2147
],
"39\u00b049\u2032S": [
2148
],
"73\u00b0": [
2149
],
"12\u2032W": [
2150
],
"1974": [
2151
],
"alba)": [
2155,
4114
],
"3138": [
2158
],
"Marine": [
2159
],
"soil": [
2160
],
"08\u00b047\u2032S": [
2163
],
"36\u00b058\u2032W": [
2164
],
"*Culture": [
2166
],
"Collections:": [
2167
],
"=": [
2169,
2184,
2194,
2210,
2219,
2230,
2246,
2263,
2279,
2296
],
"ARS": [
2170
],
"Collection": [
2171
],
"Entomopathogenic": [
2173
],
"Cultures": [
2175,
2363
],
"\u2013": [
2176,
2202,
2206,
2225,
2242,
2254,
2256,
2284,
2292,
2303,
2600,
2605,
2611,
2617,
2623,
2629,
2634,
2642,
2647,
2652,
2658,
2664,
2671,
2677,
2682,
2687,
2693,
2698,
2703,
2709,
2715,
2724,
2730,
2737,
4436,
4437,
4438,
4439,
4440,
4441,
4442,
4443,
4444,
4445,
4446,
4447,
4448,
4449,
4450,
4451,
4474,
4475,
4476,
4477,
4478,
4479,
4480,
4481,
4482,
4483,
4484,
4485,
4486,
4487,
4488,
4489
],
"ARSEF,": [
2177
],
"USDA,": [
2178
],
"America;": [
2182,
2192,
2277
],
"American": [
2185
],
"Type": [
2186
],
"Culture": [
2187
],
"Collection,": [
2188
],
"Cole\u00e7\u00e3o": [
2197,
2211
],
"Cultura": [
2199
],
"Fungos": [
2201
],
"Cruz": [
2205
],
"FIOCRUZ,": [
2207
],
"Brazil;": [
2208,
2217,
2228,
2244,
2261,
2294
],
"Culturas": [
2213
],
"Tropicais": [
2214
],
"Andr\u00e9": [
2215
],
"Tosello,": [
2216
],
"Centro": [
2220
],
"Nacional": [
2221
],
"Recursos": [
2223
],
"Gen\u00e9ticos": [
2224
],
"CENARGEN,": [
2226
],
"EMBRAPA,": [
2227
],
"Empresa": [
2231
],
"Agropecu\u00e1ria": [
2234
],
"Extens\u00e3o": [
2236
],
"Catarina": [
2240
],
"S.A.": [
2241
],
"EPAGRI,": [
2243
],
"Escola": [
2247
],
"Superior": [
2248
],
"Agricultura": [
2250
],
"Luiz": [
2251
],
"Queiroz": [
2253
],
"Departamento": [
2257
],
"Entomologia,": [
2259
],
"USP,": [
2260
],
"Isolate": [
2264
],
"comercialized": [
2265
],
"Emerald": [
2267
],
"Bioagriculture": [
2268
],
"Corporation,": [
2269
],
"MYCOTROL": [
2270
],
"ES\u00ae,": [
2271
],
"EPA": [
2272
],
"070810-00006,": [
2273
],
"Controle": [
2282
],
"Microbiano": [
2283
],
"Janeiro": [
2291
],
"UFRRJ,": [
2293
],
"Micoteca": [
2297
],
"Pernambuco": [
2302
],
"UFPE,": [
2304
],
"Identification": [
2306
],
"All": [
2314,
2382,
2573,
3002,
3921
],
"cultured": [
2317,
2456,
2847
],
"Oatmeal": [
2319
],
"Agar": [
2320
],
"(Difco": [
2321,
2858
],
"Laboratories,": [
2322,
2859
],
"Detroit,": [
2323,
2860
],
"MI,": [
2324,
2861
],
"temperatures": [
2327
],
"time": [
2329
],
"periods": [
2330
],
"suggested": [
2331
],
"bassiana,": [
2334
],
"Hoog": [
2342,
2359,
3939,
3957,
3967
],
"(1972),": [
2343,
3940
],
"Samson": [
2350,
3948
],
"Evans": [
2352,
3950
],
"(1982),": [
2353,
3951
],
"Rao": [
2361,
3959
],
"(1975).": [
2362
],
"growth": [
2371
],
"rate,": [
2372
],
"aspect,": [
2374
],
"colour": [
2375
],
"conidial": [
2377
],
"masses": [
2378
],
"colony": [
2380
],
"reverses.": [
2381
],
"regarding": [
2387
],
"micromorphology": [
2389
],
"according": [
2390,
2544,
2581,
3936,
3946,
3954,
3964
],
"microculture": [
2393
],
"technique": [
2394
],
"described": [
2395
],
"Rivalier": [
2397
],
"Seydel": [
2399
],
"(1932).": [
2400
],
"Slides": [
2401
],
"stained": [
2403,
2576,
2988,
3290,
3815
],
"lactophenol": [
2405
],
"cotton": [
2406
],
"blue,": [
2407
],
"micromophologies": [
2409
],
"observed": [
2411
],
"microscopically": [
2412
],
"1000\u00d7": [
2414
],
"magnification.": [
2415
],
"Shapes": [
2416
],
"sizes": [
2418
],
"both": [
2420
],
"conidia": [
2421
],
"conidiogenous": [
2423
],
"cells,": [
2424
],
"surface": [
2428
],
"textures": [
2429
],
"conidia,": [
2431
],
"investigated.": [
2433
],
"identities": [
2435
],
"confirmed": [
2440
],
"characteristics": [
2443
],
"detailed": [
2444
],
"above": [
2447
],
"cited": [
2448
],
"taxonomic": [
2449
],
"papers.": [
2450
],
"Multilocus": [
2451,
3306,
3995
],
"ml": [
2459,
2470,
2850,
2854,
2914
],
"Pontecorvo": [
2461,
4026
],
"broth": [
2462,
4027
],
"medium": [
2463
],
"(Pontecorvo": [
2464
],
"1953)": [
2467
],
"250": [
2469,
2849
],
"flasks": [
2471,
2851
],
"130": [
2473,
2868
],
"rev": [
2474,
2869
],
"min\u22121": [
2475,
2870
],
"25\u00b0C": [
2477,
2874
],
"days.": [
2480,
2877
],
"cells": [
2482,
2879,
2900,
2949
],
"collected": [
2484,
2881
],
"vacuum": [
2486,
2883
],
"filtration": [
2487,
2884
],
"onto": [
2488,
2885
],
"Whatman": [
2489
],
"no.": [
2490
],
"filter": [
2492,
2886,
3860
],
"paper": [
2493,
2887
],
"(Whatman": [
2494
],
"International": [
2495
],
"Ltd,": [
2496
],
"Maidstone,": [
2497
],
"Kent,": [
2498
],
"UK)": [
2499
],
"stored": [
2501,
2889,
2930,
3095,
3162
],
"\u221220\u00b0C": [
2503,
2891,
2932
],
"until": [
2504,
2892,
2933
],
"use,": [
2505
],
"except": [
2506
],
"case": [
2508
],
"enzymes": [
2510,
4031
],
"(e.g.,": [
2511
],
"FUM,": [
2512
],
"G6PD)": [
2513
],
"unstable": [
2516
],
"multiple": [
2518
],
"freeze/thaw": [
2519
],
"cycles": [
2520,
3232,
3739
],
"therefore": [
2522,
4041
],
"immediately": [
2525
],
"after": [
2526
],
"grinding.": [
2527
],
"procedures": [
2529
],
"lysis,": [
2531
],
"preparation": [
2532
],
"agarose": [
2534,
2971,
3281,
3787
],
"gels": [
2535,
2972,
2986,
3282,
3813
],
"electrophoresis,": [
2537,
3811
],
"stoppage": [
2539
],
"reactions": [
2542
],
"Zahner": [
2546
],
"(1994).": [
2549
],
"mycelial": [
2551
],
"extracts": [
2552,
2966
],
"phosphate": [
2558,
2668
],
"(pH": [
2559,
2562,
2566
],
"8\u00b70),": [
2560,
2928
],
"Tris-maleic": [
2561
],
"7\u00b74),": [
2563
],
"Tris-citric": [
2565
],
"6\u00b73)": [
2567
],
"buffers": [
2568
],
"(Harris": [
2569
],
"Hopkinson": [
2571,
2585
],
"1976).": [
2572
],
"samples": [
2574,
3003,
3049
],
"specific": [
2578
],
"activity": [
2580
],
"Harris": [
2583
],
"(1976)": [
2586
],
"Alfenas": [
2588
],
"(1998)": [
2589
],
"following": [
2594,
2752,
2960
],
"enzymes:": [
2596
],
"acid": [
2597
],
"phosphatase": [
2598,
2627
],
"(ACP": [
2599
],
"E.C.": [
2601,
2606,
2612,
2618,
2624,
2630,
2635,
2643,
2648,
2653,
2659,
2665,
2672,
2678,
2683,
2688,
2694,
2699,
2704,
2710,
2716,
2725,
2731,
2738
],
"3\u00b71\u00b73\u00b72),": [
2602
],
"aconitase": [
2603
],
"(ACON": [
2604
],
"4\u00b72\u00b71\u00b73),": [
2607
],
"adenylate": [
2608
],
"kinase": [
2609,
2707
],
"(ADK": [
2610
],
"2\u00b77\u00b74\u00b73),": [
2613
],
"alanine": [
2614
],
"dehydrogenase": [
2615,
2621,
2656,
2662,
2675,
2691,
2713,
2722
],
"(ALDH": [
2616
],
"1\u00b74\u00b71\u00b71),": [
2619
],
"alcohol": [
2620
],
"(ADH": [
2622
],
"1\u00b71\u00b71\u00b71),": [
2625
],
"alkaline": [
2626
],
"(AKP": [
2628
],
"3\u00b71\u00b73\u00b71),": [
2631
],
"catalase": [
2632
],
"(CAT": [
2633
],
"1\u00b711\u00b71\u00b76),": [
2636
],
"chitinase": [
2637
],
"(E.C.": [
2638,
2719
],
"3\u00b72\u00b71\u00b714),": [
2639
],
"esterase": [
2640
],
"(EST": [
2641
],
"3\u00b71\u00b71\u00b71),": [
2644
],
"fumarase": [
2645
],
"(FUM": [
2646
],
"4\u00b72\u00b71\u00b72),": [
2649
],
"fructokinase": [
2650
],
"(FK": [
2651
],
"2\u00b77\u00b71\u00b74),": [
2654
],
"glucose": [
2655,
2667
],
"(GDH": [
2657
],
"1\u00b71\u00b71\u00b747),": [
2660
],
"glucose-6-phosphate": [
2661
],
"(G6PD": [
2663
],
"1\u00b71\u00b71\u00b749),": [
2666
],
"isomerase": [
2669
],
"(GPI": [
2670
],
"5\u00b73\u00b71\u00b79),": [
2673
],
"glutamate": [
2674
],
"(GLD": [
2676
],
"1\u00b74\u00b71\u00b72),": [
2679
],
"glycerate-2-dehydrogenase": [
2680
],
"(G2D": [
2681
],
"1\u00b71\u00b71\u00b729),": [
2684
],
"hexokinase": [
2685
],
"(HK": [
2686
],
"2\u00b77\u00b71\u00b71),": [
2689
],
"isocitrate": [
2690
],
"(IDH": [
2692
],
"1\u00b71\u00b71\u00b742),": [
2695
],
"phosphoglucomutase": [
2696
],
"(PGM": [
2697
],
"2\u00b77\u00b75\u00b71),": [
2700
],
"6-phospho-gluconate-dehydrogenase": [
2701
],
"(6PGDH": [
2702
],
"1\u00b71\u00b71\u00b743),": [
2705
],
"pyruvate": [
2706
],
"(PK": [
2708
],
"2\u00b77\u00b71\u00b740),": [
2711
],
"lactate": [
2712
],
"(LDH": [
2714
],
"1\u00b71\u00b71\u00b727),": [
2717
],
"lipase": [
2718
],
"3\u00b71\u00b71\u00b73),": [
2720
],
"malate": [
2721
],
"(MDH": [
2723
],
"1\u00b71\u00b71\u00b737),": [
2726
],
"malic": [
2727
],
"(ME": [
2729
],
"1\u00b71\u00b71\u00b740)": [
2732
],
"superoxide": [
2734
],
"dismutase": [
2735
],
"(SOD": [
2736
],
"1\u00b715\u00b71\u00b71).": [
2739
],
"resulting": [
2741
],
"eletrophoretic": [
2742,
2799
],
"banding": [
2743,
3046,
3320
],
"patterns": [
2744,
3321
],
"transformed": [
2746
],
"numeric": [
2748
],
"manner.": [
2753
],
"Each": [
2754
],
"band": [
2755
],
"gel": [
2758,
3806
],
"numbered": [
2763,
4119
],
"order": [
2765
],
"increasing": [
2767
],
"rate": [
2768
],
"anodal": [
2770
],
"migration": [
2771
],
"equated": [
2773
],
"alleles": [
2775,
4061
],
"corresponding": [
2777
],
"structural": [
2778
],
"gene": [
2779
],
"loci.": [
2780
],
"An": [
2781,
3470
],
"allelic": [
2782
],
"profile": [
2783
],
"developed": [
2788
],
"consisted": [
2790,
3683
],
"all": [
2792,
3529,
3551,
3870,
4047,
4107
],
"loci": [
2793,
4056
],
"studied,": [
2794
],
"represented": [
2797,
4095
],
"type": [
2800
],
"(ET).": [
2801
],
"matrix": [
2804,
3538
],
"Simple": [
2811,
3541
],
"Match": [
2812
],
"Coefficient.": [
2813,
3543
],
"dendrogram": [
2815,
3524,
3850,
3898
],
"constructed": [
2817
],
"unweighted": [
2820
],
"pair-group": [
2821
],
"method": [
2822
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"arithmetic": [
2824
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"mean": [
2825
],
"(UPGMA)": [
2826
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"(Sneath": [
2827
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"Sokal": [
2829
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"1973)": [
2830
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"NTSYS-pc": [
2832,
3514
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"software": [
2833,
3504
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"ver.": [
2834,
3515,
3594,
3903
],
"2.1": [
2835,
3516
],
"(Exeter": [
2836,
3517
],
"Software,": [
2837,
3518
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"Setauket,": [
2838,
3519
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"NY,": [
2839,
3520
],
"USA).": [
2840,
2862,
3265,
3866
],
"Amplified": [
2841,
3011
],
"containing": [
2852,
3120
],
"Czapek-Dox": [
2856
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"Broth": [
2857,
2863
],
"cultures": [
2864
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"shaken": [
2866
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"kept": [
2872
],
"prepared": [
2893
],
"extractions.": [
2896
],
"Prior": [
2897
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"extractions,": [
2899
],
"ground": [
2902
],
"liquid": [
2904
],
"nitrogen": [
2905
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"mortar": [
2908
],
"pestle,": [
2910
],
"suspended": [
2911
],
"sterile": [
2915,
3099,
3207,
3450,
3713
],
"TE": [
2916
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"buffer": [
2917,
2978,
3075
],
"(Tris-EDTA:": [
2918
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"mmol": [
2920,
2924,
3078,
3082,
3086,
3090,
3132,
3190,
3194,
3433,
3437,
3698,
3702
],
"l\u22121": [
2921,
2925,
3079,
3083,
3087,
3091,
3133,
3191,
3195,
3434,
3438,
3699,
3703
],
"Tris;": [
2922
],
"0\u00b71": [
2923
],
"EDTA,": [
2926
],
"pH": [
2927,
3093
],
"use.": [
2934
],
"After": [
2935,
3107,
3810
],
"defrosting,": [
2936
],
"extracted": [
2942
],
"c.": [
2944
],
"70": [
2945
],
"mg": [
2946
],
"DNeasy\u00ae": [
2952
],
"Plant": [
2953
],
"Mini": [
2954
],
"Kit": [
2955
],
"(Qiagen": [
2956
],
"Sciences,": [
2957
],
"MD,": [
2958
],
"USA),": [
2959,
3894
],
"manufacturer": [
2962
],
"protocol.": [
2963
],
"electrophoresed": [
2968,
3278,
3781
],
"0\u00b77%": [
2970
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"120": [
2974,
3284,
3783
],
"V": [
2975,
3285,
3784
],
"Tris-Acetate-EDTA": [
2977
],
"estimate": [
2980
],
"quality": [
2982
],
"quantity.": [
2984
],
"ethidium": [
2990,
3292,
3817
],
"bromide": [
2991,
3293,
3818
],
"(Sigma,": [
2992
],
"St": [
2993
],
"Louis,": [
2994
],
"MO,": [
2995
],
"visualized": [
2998,
3295,
3820
],
"under": [
2999,
3296,
3821
],
"ultraviolet": [
3000,
3297,
3822
],
"irradiation.": [
3001,
3823
],
"genotyped": [
3005
],
"modification": [
3008
],
"Fragment": [
3012
],
"Polymorphism": [
3013
],
"protocol": [
3014,
3030,
3460,
3464
],
"Vos": [
3016,
3466
],
"(1995).": [
3019,
3469
],
"Thirteen": [
3020
],
"out": [
3021,
3112,
3170,
3413
],
"subjected": [
3027
],
"duplicate": [
3032
],
"purposes": [
3035
],
"evaluating": [
3037
],
"reproducibility": [
3038
],
"resolved": [
3040
],
"(AFLP)": [
3045
],
"patterns.": [
3047
],
"(c.": [
3050
],
"50\u2013100": [
3051
],
"ng)": [
3052
],
"double": [
3054,
3100,
3141,
3208,
3451,
3714
],
"digested": [
3055
],
"h": [
3058,
3154
],
"37\u00b0C": [
3060
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"units": [
3063,
3068
],
"EcoRI": [
3064,
3386,
3393,
3401
],
"(GAATTC)": [
3065
],
"MseI": [
3069,
3359,
3382,
3389,
3397
],
"(TTAA),": [
3070
],
"\u03bcl": [
3072,
3116,
3136,
3173,
3202,
3273,
3416,
3445,
3776
],
"10\u00d7": [
3073,
3203,
3446
],
"RL": [
3074,
3138
],
"(Restriction/Ligation:": [
3076
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"100": [
3077,
3081,
3794
],
"Tris-Hac;": [
3080
],
"MgAc;": [
3084
],
"KAc;": [
3088
],
"DTT,": [
3092
],
"7\u00b75;": [
3094
],
"\u221220\u00b0C),": [
3097
],
"distilled": [
3101,
3142,
3209,
3452,
3715
],
"water": [
3102,
3143,
3210,
3453,
3716
],
"up": [
3103,
3144,
3211,
3454,
3717
],
"\u03bcl.": [
3106,
3147,
3214,
3457,
3720
],
"digestion,": [
3108
],
"ligation": [
3109
],
"carried": [
3111,
3169,
3412
],
"adding": [
3114
],
"solution": [
3119
],
"pmol": [
3122,
3125,
3177,
3425,
3429,
3693
],
"EcoRI-adapters,": [
3123
],
"MseI-adapters,": [
3126
],
"unit": [
3128,
3198,
3441,
3706
],
"T4": [
3129
],
"DNA-ligase,": [
3130
],
"1\u00b72": [
3131
],
"ATP,": [
3134
],
"10\u2032": [
3137
],
"buffer,": [
3139,
3205,
3289,
3448,
3711
],
"incubation": [
3149
],
"continued": [
3151
],
"37\u00b0C.": [
3156
],
"reaction": [
3158,
3681
],
"mixture": [
3159,
3682
],
"then": [
3160
],
"\u221220\u00b0C.": [
3164
],
"PCR": [
3166,
3204,
3216,
3257,
3314,
3346,
3375,
3409,
3417,
3447,
3660,
3680,
3710,
3722,
3858
],
"pre-amplification": [
3167,
3217,
3269,
3418
],
"ligated": [
3174
],
"DNA,": [
3175,
3687
],
"Eco": [
3181,
3426
],
"+": [
3182,
3186,
3383,
3387,
3390,
3394,
3398,
3402
],
"Mse": [
3185,
3430
],
"primers,": [
3188
],
"0\u00b72": [
3189,
3432
],
"dNTP,": [
3192,
3435,
3700
],
"1\u00b75": [
3193,
3436
],
"MgCl2,": [
3196,
3439,
3704
],
"Taq": [
3199,
3442,
3707
],
"polymerase,": [
3200,
3443,
3708
],
"initial": [
3220,
3728
],
"cycle": [
3221,
3729
],
"denaturation": [
3223,
3234,
3738
],
"72\u00b0C": [
3225,
3249,
3754
],
"min,": [
3228,
3734,
3744,
3757
],
"followed": [
3229,
3461,
3735
],
"94\u00b0C": [
3236
],
"s,": [
3239,
3750
],
"annealing": [
3240,
3745
],
"56\u00b0C": [
3242
],
"s": [
3245
],
"extension": [
3247,
3752,
3763
],
"min": [
3252,
3766
],
"Thermocycler": [
3255
],
"GeneAmp\u00ae": [
3256
],
"System": [
3258
],
"9700": [
3259
],
"(Applied": [
3260
],
"Biosystems,": [
3261
],
"Foster": [
3262
],
"City,": [
3263
],
"CA,": [
3264
],
"Ten": [
3266
],
"microlitres": [
3267,
3770
],
"products": [
3270,
3773
],
"plus": [
3271,
3331
],
"loading": [
3275,
3778
],
"dye": [
3276,
3779
],
"1\u00b74%": [
3280
],
"Tris-acetate": [
3287,
3790
],
"EDTA": [
3288,
3791
],
"irradiation": [
3298
],
"confirm": [
3300
],
"presence": [
3302
],
"preamplification": [
3304
],
"products.": [
3305
],
"profiles": [
3308
],
"obtained": [
3310
],
"three": [
3312,
3332,
3367,
3530
],
"additional": [
3313,
3760
],
"amplifications.": [
3315
],
"Preliminary": [
3316
],
"examinations": [
3317
],
"few": [
3324
],
"markers": [
3325,
3344,
3491
],
"when": [
3326
],
"conventional": [
3328
],
"primers": [
3330,
3360,
3665
],
"selective": [
3333,
3351,
3374
],
"nucleotides": [
3334
],
"used.": [
3336
],
"Consequently,": [
3337
],
"increase": [
3339
],
"number": [
3341
],
"scorable": [
3343
],
"per": [
3345
],
"reaction,": [
3347
],
"only": [
3348,
4035,
4065
],
"single": [
3350
],
"nucleotide": [
3352,
3915
],
"conjunction": [
3356
],
"stage.": [
3363
],
"Overall,": [
3364
],
"we": [
3365,
3579
],
"primer": [
3369,
3406,
3531
],
"combinations": [
3370
],
"second": [
3373
],
"(the": [
3376
],
"actual": [
3377
],
"fingerprint": [
3379
],
"generation": [
3380
],
"stage):": [
3381
],
"AGC,": [
3388
],
"AGG,": [
3395
],
"ACC.": [
3403
],
"For": [
3404
],
"combination,": [
3407
],
"amplification": [
3410
],
"2\u00b75": [
3415,
3701
],
"product": [
3419
],
"diluted": [
3420
],
"1:10": [
3421
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"water,": [
3423
],
"0\u00b75": [
3424,
3440
],
"primer,": [
3427,
3431,
3696
],
"thermocycling": [
3459
],
"'touchdown'": [
3463
],
"appropriate": [
3471
],
"quantity": [
3472
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"ABIs": [
3474
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"ROX": [
3475
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"400": [
3476,
3495
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"size": [
3477,
3808
],
"added": [
3480
],
"loaded": [
3482
],
"ABI": [
3485,
3878
],
"Prism\u00ae": [
3486,
3879
],
"3100": [
3487
],
"Analyzer.": [
3489
],
"bp": [
3496,
3795
],
"scored": [
3498,
4045
],
"presence/absence": [
3500
],
"characters": [
3501
],
"Genographer": [
3503
],
"(freely": [
3505
],
"distributed": [
3506
],
"http://hordeum.oscs.montana.edu/genographer/).": [
3508
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"Cluster": [
3509,
3544
],
"analysis": [
3510,
3545,
3558
],
"performed": [
3512,
3547,
3560,
3603
],
"pairs": [
3532
],
"derived": [
3534
],
"calculated": [
3539,
3630
],
"Matching": [
3542
],
"UPGMA": [
3549
],
"bassiana.": [
3556
],
"Another": [
3557
],
"seven": [
3563
],
"member": [
3564
],
"outgroup": [
3565
],
"252)": [
3573
],
"comparison.": [
3576
],
"tested": [
3580
],
"significant": [
3582
],
"(region": [
3584
],
"Brazil)": [
3586
],
"computer": [
3591,
3606
],
"program": [
3592,
3607,
3889
],
"Mantel-Struct": [
3593
],
"1.0": [
3595
],
"(Miller": [
3596,
3612
],
"1999).": [
3597
],
"(Mantel": [
3601
],
"1967)": [
3602
],
"Alleles": [
3608
],
"Space": [
3610
],
"(AIS)": [
3611
],
"2005)": [
3613
],
"correlation": [
3619
],
"latitude": [
3634
],
"longitude": [
3636
],
"isolate's": [
3639
],
"location": [
3641
],
"(Table": [
3642
],
"1).": [
3643
],
"Nuclear": [
3644
],
"ribosomal": [
3645
],
"Internal": [
3649
],
"Transcribed": [
3650
],
"Spacers,": [
3651
],
"ITS1": [
3652
],
"ITS2,": [
3654
],
"including": [
3655
],
"5\u00b78S": [
3657
],
"gene,": [
3658
],
"fungal-specific": [
3664
],
"ITS1F": [
3666
],
"(5\u2032-CCTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3\u2032)": [
3667
],
"(Gardes": [
3668
],
"Bruns": [
3670
],
"1993)": [
3671
],
"ITS4": [
3673
],
"(5\u2032-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3\u2032)": [
3674
],
"(White": [
3675
],
"1990).": [
3678
],
"ng": [
3686
],
"final": [
3689
],
"concentration": [
3690
],
"0\u00b76": [
3697
],
"1\u00d7": [
3709
],
"amplification-cycle": [
3723
],
"programme": [
3724
],
"comprised": [
3725
],
"95\u00b0C": [
3731,
3741
],
"50\u00b0C": [
3747
],
"step": [
3761
],
"72\u00b0C.": [
3768
],
"Five": [
3769
],
"ITS-PCR": [
3772,
3825
],
"1%": [
3786
],
"gel,": [
3788
],
"buffer.": [
3792
],
"ladder": [
3797
],
"(Amersham": [
3798
],
"Pharmacia": [
3799
],
"Biotech)": [
3800
],
"run": [
3802
],
"marker.": [
3809
],
"fragments": [
3827
],
"(ATCC": [
3843
],
"58798)": [
3844
],
"selected": [
3846
],
"AFLP,": [
3853
],
"purified": [
3855
],
"Montage\u00ae": [
3857
],
"centrifugal": [
3859
],
"device": [
3861
],
"(Millipore": [
3862
],
"Corp.,": [
3863
],
"Bedford,": [
3864
],
"MA,": [
3865
],
"ITS-fragments": [
3868
],
"sequenced": [
3874
],
"directly": [
3875
],
"3100.": [
3880
],
"entire": [
3882
],
"sequences": [
3883
],
"aligned": [
3885
],
"Seqman": [
3888
],
"(DNAStar": [
3890
],
"Inc.,": [
3891
],
"Madison,": [
3892
],
"WI,": [
3893
],
"neighbour-joining": [
3897
],
"produced": [
3900,
4037
],
"mega": [
3902
],
"3.1": [
3904
],
"(Kumar": [
3905
],
"2004)": [
3908
],
"Jukes\u2013Cantor": [
3912
],
"model": [
3913
],
"substitution.": [
3916
],
"Results": [
3917
],
"Morphology": [
3918
],
"presented": [
3923
],
"morphological": [
3924
],
"features": [
3925
],
"consistent": [
3926
],
"descriptions:": [
3930
],
"(1975),": [
3960
],
"(1972,": [
3968
],
"1978).": [
3969
],
"Therefore,": [
3970
],
"morphology-based": [
3972
],
"assignments": [
3974
],
"source": [
3978
],
"concurred": [
3988
],
"classical": [
3990
],
"descriptions": [
3991
],
"species.": [
3994
],
"Two": [
3998
],
"(CG66": [
4002
],
"CG227)": [
4004
],
"(MLEE)": [
4013
],
"because,": [
4015
],
"spite": [
4017
],
"attempts,": [
4020
],
"did": [
4022
],
"grow": [
4024
],
"medium.": [
4028
],
"Although": [
4029
],
"initially": [
4033
],
"assayed,": [
4034
],
"well-resolved": [
4038
],
"bands,": [
4039
],
"could": [
4042
],
"consistently": [
4044
],
"Fifteen": [
4051
],
"enzymic": [
4055
],
"polymorphic": [
4058
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"eletrophoretically": [
4062
],
"detected,": [
4063
],
"monomorphic": [
4068
],
"(SOD)": [
4069
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"shown": [
4071
],
"2.": [
4074,
4102
],
"classified": [
4084
],
"ETs,": [
4087
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"while": [
4088
],
"ETs.": [
4100
],
"Eletrophoretic": [
4103
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"(ETs)": [
4105
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"Band": [
4116
],
"designations": [
4117
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"lowest": [
4121
],
"weight": [
4123
],
"(=1)": [
4124
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"highest": [
4126
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"(=9)": [
4127
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"ADK": [
4130
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"SOD": [
4131
],
"ACP": [
4132
],
"AKP": [
4133
],
"FK": [
4134
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"PGM": [
4135
],
"6PGD": [
4136
],
"GPI": [
4137
],
"FUM": [
4138
],
"G2D": [
4139
],
"G6PD": [
4140
],
"HK": [
4141
],
"IDH": [
4142
],
"MDH": [
4143
],
"PK": [
4144
],
"EST": [
4145
],
"02*": [
4150
],
"1/4": [
4151,
4170,
4189,
4208,
4227,
4246,
4265,
4284,
4303,
4341,
4379,
4417,
4512,
4531,
4569,
4588,
4607,
4644,
4663,
4701,
4720,
4739,
4777
],
"2/5": [
4164,
4183,
4202,
4221,
4240,
4259,
4278,
4297,
4316,
4335,
4354,
4373,
4392,
4411,
4430,
4468,
4506,
4525,
4544,
4563,
4582,
4601,
4620,
4639,
4657,
4676,
4714,
4733,
4752,
4771,
4790,
4809,
4828
],
"2/5/8": [
4166,
4261,
4299,
4432,
4470,
4603,
4697,
4754,
4792
],
"2/8": [
4185,
4223,
4584
],
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