Item talk:Q260065

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Evolving environmental and geometric controls on Columbia Glacier\u2019s continued retreat",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "70216336",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70216336"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 70216336
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1029/2017JF004541",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JF004541"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Journal of Geophysical Research- Earth Surface",
     "volumeNumber": "123",
     "issueNumber": "7"
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Journal of Geophysical Research- Earth Surface"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2018",
   "dateModified": "2020-11-12",
   "abstract": "Geometry strongly controls the dynamic behavior of marine\u2010terminating (tidewater) glaciers, significantly influencing advance and retreat cycles independent of climate. Yet the recent, nearly ubiquitous retreat of tidewater glaciers suggests that changes in atmospheric and oceanic forcing may also drive dynamic change. To isolate the influence of geometry on tidewater glacier dynamics, we analyzed detailed observational time series from 2012 to 2016 for two tidewater glaciers with shared dynamic histories and environmental forcing: Columbia Glacier and its former tributary (Post Glacier) in southcentral Alaska. We find that although terminus retreat has driven decadal\u2010scale changes in dynamics of the Columbia\u2010Post system, environmental factors contribute to short\u2010term (i.e., seasonal) dynamic variability. In particular, analysis of force balance time series indicates that observed variations in speed result from seasonal changes to the subglacial hydrologic system and associated changes in basal drag. Variations in terminus position only drive noticeable speed change when the terminus retreats from regions of relatively high basal drag. In agreement with long\u2010term analyses of Columbia Glacier, we find that terminus geometry can perturb the timing of seasonal ice flow patterns. Specifically, our data support the idea that retreat of a glacier terminus into deeper water is accompanied by a shift in the primary control on frontal ablation. Although our analysis focuses on two Alaskan glaciers, our data suggest that changes in the relative importance of surface meltwater and buoyancy effects on submarine melting and/or calving may manifest as a shift in terminus change seasonality and offer a mechanism to identify frontal ablation controls.",
   "description": "18 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "Wiley"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Enderlin, Ellyn",
       "givenName": "Ellyn",
       "familyName": "Enderlin"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "O'Neel, Shad soneel@usgs.gov",
       "givenName": "Shad",
       "familyName": "O'Neel",
       "email": "soneel@usgs.gov",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-9185-0144",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144"
       },
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Alaska Science Center Water",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center"
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Washington Water Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/washington-water-science-center"
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Alaska Climate Science Center",
           "url": null
         },
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "Alaska Science Center",
           "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Bartholomaus, Timothy C.",
       "givenName": "Timothy C.",
       "familyName": "Bartholomaus",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "U. Texas Austin"
         }
       ]
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Joughin, Ian",
       "givenName": "Ian",
       "familyName": "Joughin",
       "affiliation": [
         {
           "@type": "Organization",
           "name": "U Washington"
         }
       ]
     }
   ],
   "funder": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Alaska Science Center",
       "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/alaska-science-center"
     }
   ],
   "spatialCoverage": [
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "country",
       "name": "United States",
       "url": "https://geonames.org/4074035"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "state",
       "name": "Alaska"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "unknown",
       "name": "Columbia Glacier",
       "url": "https://geonames.org/5790624"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "geo": [
         {
           "@type": "GeoShape",
           "additionalProperty": {
             "@type": "PropertyValue",
             "name": "GeoJSON",
             "value": {
               "type": "FeatureCollection",
               "features": [
                 {
                   "type": "Feature",
                   "properties": {},
                   "geometry": {
                     "type": "Polygon",
                     "coordinates": [
                       [
                         [
                           -148.33740234375,
                           60.74842446462361
                         ],
                         [
                           -146.05224609375,
                           60.74842446462361
                         ],
                         [
                           -146.05224609375,
                           61.77312286453146
                         ],
                         [
                           -148.33740234375,
                           61.77312286453146
                         ],
                         [
                           -148.33740234375,
                           60.74842446462361
                         ]
                       ]
                     ]
                   }
                 }
               ]
             }
           }
         },
         {
           "@type": "GeoCoordinates",
           "latitude": 61.260773664577535,
           "longitude": -147.19482421875
         }
       ]
     }
   ]
 }

}