Item talk:Q259241

{

 "USGS Publications Warehouse": {
   "@context": "https://schema.org",
   "@type": "Article",
   "additionalType": "Journal Article",
   "name": "Mercury, trace elements and organic constituents in atmospheric fine particulate matter, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA: A combined approach to sampling and analysis",
   "identifier": [
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
       "value": "70030236",
       "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/70030236"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
       "value": 70030236
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "DOI",
       "value": "10.1111/j.1751-908X.2008.00913.x",
       "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908X.2008.00913.x"
     },
     {
       "@type": "PropertyValue",
       "propertyID": "ISSN",
       "value": "16394"
     }
   ],
   "journal": {
     "@type": "Periodical",
     "name": "Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research",
     "volumeNumber": "32",
     "issueNumber": "3"
   },
   "inLanguage": "en",
   "isPartOf": [
     {
       "@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
       "name": "Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research"
     }
   ],
   "datePublished": "2008",
   "dateModified": "2018-10-17",
   "abstract": "Compliance with U.S. air quality regulatory standards for atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is based on meeting average 24 hour (35 \u03bc m\u22123) and yearly (15 \u03bcg m\u22123) mass\u2010per\u2010unit\u2010volume limits, regardless of PM2.5\u00a0composition. Whereas this presents a workable regulatory framework, information on particle composition is needed to assess the fate and transport of PM2.5\u00a0and determine potential environmental/human health impacts. To address these important non\u2010regulatory issues an integrated approach is generally used that includes (1) field sampling of atmospheric particulate matter on filter media, using a size\u2010limiting cyclone, or with no particle\u2010size limitation; and (2) chemical extraction of exposed filters and analysis of separate particulate\u2010bound fractions for total mercury, trace elements and organic constituents, utilising different USGS laboratories optimised for quantitative analysis of these substances. This combination of sampling and analysis allowed for a more detailed interpretation of PM2.5\u00a0sources and potential effects, compared to measurements of PM2.5\u00a0abundance alone. Results obtained using this combined approach are presented for a 2006 air sampling campaign in Shenandoah National Park (Virginia, USA) to assess sources of atmospheric contaminants and their potential impact on air quality in the Park. PM2.5\u00a0was collected at two sampling sites (Big Meadows and Pinnacles) separated by 13.6 km. At both sites, element concentrations in PM25\u00a0were low, consistent with remote or rural locations. However, element/Zr crustal abundance enrichment factors greater than 10, indicating anthropogenic input, were found for Hg, Se, S, Sb, Cd, Pb, Mo, Zn and Cu, listed in decreasing order of enrichment. Principal component analysis showed that four element associations accounted for 84% of the PM2.5\u00a0trace element variation; these associations are interpreted to represent: (1) crustal sources (Al, REE); (2) coal combustion (Se, Sb), (3) metal production and/or mobile sources (Mo, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) and (4) a transient marine source (Sr, Mg). Concentrations of Hg in PM2.5\u00a0at background levels in the single pg m\u22123\u00a0were shown by collection and analysis of PM2.5\u00a0on filters and by an automated speciation analyser set up at the Big Meadows air quality site. The speciation unit revealed periodic elevation of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) that co\u2010occurred with peaks in SO2, indicating an anthropogenic source. GC/MS total ion current chromatograms for the two sites were quite similar indicating that organic signatures were regional in extent and/or that the same compounds were present locally at each site. Calculated carbon preference index values for\u00a0n\u2010alkanes indicated that plant waxes rather than anthropogenic sources, were the dominant alkane source. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected, with a predominance of non\u2010alkylated, and higher molecular weight PAHs in this fraction, suggestive of a combustion source (fossil fuel or forest fires).",
   "description": "15 p.",
   "publisher": {
     "@type": "Organization",
     "name": "Wiley"
   },
   "author": [
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Kolker, A.",
       "givenName": "A.",
       "familyName": "Kolker",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0002-5768-4533",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533"
       }
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Olson, M.L.",
       "givenName": "M.L.",
       "familyName": "Olson"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Engle, M.A.",
       "givenName": "M.A.",
       "familyName": "Engle",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0001-5258-7374",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374"
       }
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Bunnell, J.E.",
       "givenName": "J.E.",
       "familyName": "Bunnell"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "McCord, J.D.",
       "givenName": "J.D.",
       "familyName": "McCord"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Krabbenhoft, D. P.",
       "givenName": "D. P.",
       "familyName": "Krabbenhoft",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0003-1964-5020",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020"
       }
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Orem, W. H.",
       "givenName": "W. H.",
       "familyName": "Orem",
       "identifier": {
         "@type": "PropertyValue",
         "propertyID": "ORCID",
         "value": "0000-0003-4990-0539",
         "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539"
       }
     },
     {
       "@type": "Person",
       "name": "Lerch, H.E.",
       "givenName": "H.E.",
       "familyName": "Lerch"
     }
   ],
   "funder": [
     {
       "@type": "Organization",
       "name": "Toxic Substances Hydrology Program",
       "url": null
     }
   ],
   "spatialCoverage": [
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "country",
       "name": "United States",
       "url": "https://geonames.org/4074035"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "state",
       "name": "Virginia"
     },
     {
       "@type": "Place",
       "additionalType": "unknown",
       "name": "Shenandoah National Park"
     }
   ]
 }

}