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= Results of automated scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of rock and stream sediment samples from the Taurus porphyry copper deposit area, Tanacross quadrangle, eastern Alaska =
{"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "CreativeWork", "additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series", "name": "Results of automated scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of rock and stream sediment samples from the Taurus porphyry copper deposit area, Tanacross quadrangle, eastern Alaska", "identifier": [{"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID", "value": "ofr20221046", "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20221046"}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID", "value": 70232921}, {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "DOI", "value": "10.3133/ofr20221046", "url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20221046"}], "inLanguage": "en", "isPartOf": [{"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries", "name": "Open-File Report"}], "datePublished": "2022", "dateModified": "2022-07-15", "abstract": "Numerous porphyry copper-molybdenum-gold and epithermal deposits define a belt that extends from Eastern Alaska to western Yukon, Canada. An orientation study conducted near the Taurus porphyry deposit was designed to test methods that require minimal sample collection, preparation, and analytical time to determine the viability of indicator mineral studies as a reconnaissance exploration method. Bulk stream sediments and altered and mineralized rocks were sieved to the 0.105\u22120.25 millimeter fraction (+140, \u221260 mesh) and passed over a shaking table to create a moderate to heavy mineral separate that was mounted in epoxy and subsequently analyzed using automated scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Seven polished thin sections of core were also analyzed. Among the advantages of automated SEM techniques compared to visual mineral identification are that thousands of grains can be rapidly identified in each sample (about 1 hour per sample) and small quantities of indicator minerals that may be missed during traditional visual analyses can be detected. Automated SEM analyses of stream sediment and rock samples show that specific minerals (chalcopyrite, bornite, and jarosite) are indicators of potential mineralized areas. Svanbergite, an aluminum sulfate phosphate mineral, was identified in mineralized rocks and in nearly all stream sediment samples (up to 9 kilometers) downstream from the Taurus and other porphyry occurrences but not epithermal occurrences. It was not identified in areas with no known mineralization and thus it is possibly one of the best indicator minerals for porphyry copper (+/- molybdenum, gold) occurrences.", "description": "Report: vi, 12 p.; Table", "publisher": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "U.S. Geological Survey"}, "author": [{"@type": "Person", "name": "Kelley, Karen D. kdkelley@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Karen D.", "familyName": "Kelley", "email": "kdkelley@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0002-3232-5809", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/gggsc"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Pfaff, Katharina", "givenName": "Katharina", "familyName": "Pfaff", "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Colorado School of Mines"}]}, {"@type": "Person", "name": "Graham, Garth E. ggraham@usgs.gov", "givenName": "Garth E.", "familyName": "Graham", "email": "ggraham@usgs.gov", "identifier": {"@type": "PropertyValue", "propertyID": "ORCID", "value": "0000-0003-0657-0365", "url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-0365"}, "affiliation": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/gggsc"}, {"@type": "Organization", "name": "Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/gggsc"}]}], "funder": [{"@type": "Organization", "name": "Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center", "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/gggsc"}], "spatialCoverage": [{"@type": "Place", "additionalType": "country", "name": "United States", "url": "https://geonames.org/6252001"}, {"@type": "Place", "additionalType": "state", "name": "Alaska", "url": "https://geonames.org/5879092"}, {"@type": "Place", "geo": [{"@type": "GeoShape", "additionalProperty": {"@type": 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Numerous porphyry copper-molybdenum-gold and epithermal deposits define a belt that extends from Eastern Alaska to western Yukon, Canada. An orientation study conducted near the Taurus porphyry deposit was designed to test methods that require minimal sample collection, preparation, and analytical time to determine the viability of indicator mineral studies as a reconnaissance exploration method. Bulk stream sediments and altered and mineralized rocks were sieved to the 0.105−0.25 millimeter fraction (+140, −60 mesh) and passed over a shaking table to create a moderate to heavy mineral separate that was mounted in epoxy and subsequently analyzed using automated scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Seven polished thin sections of core were also analyzed. Among the advantages of automated SEM techniques compared to visual mineral identification are that thousands of grains can be rapidly identified in each sample (about 1 hour per sample) and small quantities of indicator minerals that may be missed during traditional visual analyses can be detected. Automated SEM analyses of stream sediment and rock samples show that specific minerals (chalcopyrite, bornite, and jarosite) are indicators of potential mineralized areas. Svanbergite, an aluminum sulfate phosphate mineral, was identified in mineralized rocks and in nearly all stream sediment samples (up to 9 kilometers) downstream from the Taurus and other porphyry occurrences but not epithermal occurrences. It was not identified in areas with no known mineralization and thus it is possibly one of the best indicator minerals for porphyry copper (+/- molybdenum, gold) occurrences.
 
== Table of Contents ==
* Acknowledgments
* Abstract
* Introduction
* Methods
* Results
* Conclusions
* References Cited
* Appendix 1. Results of TIMA Analyses