{
"USGS Publications Warehouse": {
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "CreativeWork",
"additionalType": "USGS Numbered Series",
"name": "Accounting for cyanide and its degradation products at three Nevada gold mines; constraints from stable C- and N-isotopes",
"identifier": [
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse IndexID",
"value": "ofr98753",
"url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr98753"
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "USGS Publications Warehouse Internal ID",
"value": 23487
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.3133/ofr98753",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98753"
},
{
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ISSN",
"value": "0094-9140"
}
],
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": [
{
"@type": "CreativeWorkSeries",
"name": "Open-File Report"
}
],
"datePublished": "1998",
"dateModified": "2012-02-02",
"abstract": "An understanding of the fate of cyanide (CN-) in mine process waters is important for\r\naddressing environmental concerns and for taking steps to minimize reagent costs. The utility of\r\nstable isotope methods in identifying cyanide loss pathways has been investigated in case studies at\r\nthree Nevada gold mines.\r\nFreshly prepared barren solutions at the mines have cyanide d15N and d13C values\r\naveraging -4 ? and -36 ?, respectively, reflecting the nitrogen and carbon sources used by\r\ncommercial manufacturers, air and natural gas methane. Pregnant solutions returning from ore\r\nheaps display small isotopic shifts to lower d15N and d13C values. The shifts are similar to those\r\nobserved in laboratory experiments where cyanide was progressively precipitated as a\r\ncyanometallic compound, and are opposite in sign and much smaller in magnitude than the shifts\r\nobserved in experiments where HCN was offgassed. Offgassing is inferred to be a minor cyanide\r\nloss mechanism in the heap leach operations at the three mines, and precipitation as cyanometallic\r\ncompounds, and possibly coprecipitation with ferric oxides, is inferred to be an important loss\r\nmechanism.\r\nIsotopic analysis of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) shows that uptake of high d13C air\r\nCO2 has been important in many barren and pregnant solutions. However, DIC in reclaim pond\r\nwaters at all three mines has low d13C values of -28 to -34 ? indicating cyanide breakdown either\r\nby hydrolysis or by other chemical pathways that break the C-N bond. Isotope mass balance\r\ncalculations indicate that about 40 % of the DIC load in the ponds, at a minimum, was derived\r\nfrom cyanide breakdown. This level of cyanide hydrolysis accounts for 14-100 % of the dissolved\r\ninorganic nitrogen species present in the ponds. Overall, isotope data provide quantitative evidence\r\nthat only minor amounts of cyanide are lost via offgassing and that significant amounts are\r\ndestroyed via hydrolysis and related pathways. The data also highlight the possibility that\r\nsignificant cyanide may be either retained in the ore heaps or destroyed via other chemical\r\npathways.",
"description": "16 p. :ill. ;28 cm.",
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "U.S. Geological Survey,"
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Johnson, C.A.",
"givenName": "C.A.",
"familyName": "Johnson",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "ORCID",
"value": "0000-0002-1334-2996",
"url": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996"
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Rye, R. O.",
"givenName": "R. O.",
"familyName": "Rye"
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Grimes, D. J.",
"givenName": "D. J.",
"familyName": "Grimes"
}
]
}
},
"OpenAlex": {
"abstract_inverted_index": {
"An": [
0
],
"understanding": [
1
],
"of": [
2,
5,
28,
178,
186,
214,
244,
261,
268,
288
],
"the": [
3,
53,
69,
129,
149,
154,
232,
245,
249,
269,
276,
309,
319
],
"fate": [
4
],
"cyanide": [
6,
34,
56,
110,
145,
220,
257,
262,
289,
313
],
"(CN-)": [
7
],
"in": [
8,
32,
40,
106,
121,
126,
132,
148,
194,
202,
248,
275,
318
],
"mine": [
9
],
"process": [
10
],
"waters": [
11,
205
],
"is": [
12,
139,
168
],
"important": [
13,
173,
193
],
"for": [
14,
19,
265
],
"addressing": [
15
],
"environmental": [
16
],
"concerns": [
17
],
"and": [
18,
58,
64,
71,
79,
96,
118,
123,
157,
162,
197,
294,
302
],
"taking": [
20
],
"steps": [
21
],
"to": [
22,
93,
103,
141,
170,
216
],
"minimize": [
23
],
"reagent": [
24
],
"costs.": [
25
],
"The": [
26,
99,
305
],
"utility": [
27
],
"stable": [
29
],
"isotope": [
30,
279
],
"methods": [
31
],
"identifying": [
33
],
"loss": [
35,
146,
174
],
"pathways": [
36,
229
],
"has": [
37,
191,
210
],
"been": [
38,
192
],
"investigated": [
39
],
"case": [
41
],
"studies": [
42
],
"at": [
43,
52,
153,
206,
251
],
"three": [
44,
155,
208
],
"Nevada": [
45
],
"gold": [
46
],
"mines.": [
47
],
"Freshly": [
48
],
"prepared": [
49
],
"barren": [
50,
196
],
"solutions": [
51,
84
],
"mines": [
54,
209
],
"have": [
55
],
"d15N": [
57,
95
],
"d13C": [
59,
97,
188,
212
],
"values": [
60,
213
],
"averaging": [
61
],
"-4": [
62
],
"?": [
63,
218
],
"-36": [
65
],
"?,": [
66
],
"respectively,": [
67
],
"reflecting": [
68
],
"nitrogen": [
70,
272
],
"carbon": [
72,
181
],
"sources": [
73
],
"used": [
74
],
"by": [
75,
223,
226
],
"commercial": [
76
],
"manufacturers,": [
77
],
"air": [
78,
189
],
"natural": [
80
],
"gas": [
81
],
"methane.": [
82
],
"Pregnant": [
83
],
"returning": [
85
],
"from": [
86,
256
],
"ore": [
87,
320
],
"heaps": [
88,
321
],
"display": [
89
],
"small": [
90
],
"isotopic": [
91
],
"shifts": [
92,
100,
130
],
"lower": [
94
],
"values.": [
98
],
"are": [
101,
119,
290,
298
],
"similar": [
102
],
"those": [
104
],
"observed": [
105,
131
],
"laboratory": [
107
],
"experiments": [
108,
133
],
"where": [
109,
134
],
"was": [
111,
136,
254
],
"progressively": [
112
],
"precipitated": [
113
],
"as": [
114,
159
],
"a": [
115,
143,
252
],
"cyanometallic": [
116,
160
],
"compound,": [
117
],
"opposite": [
120
],
"sign": [
122
],
"much": [
124
],
"smaller": [
125
],
"magnitude": [
127
],
"than": [
128
],
"HCN": [
135
],
"offgassed.": [
137
],
"Offgassing": [
138
],
"inferred": [
140,
169
],
"be": [
142,
171,
315
],
"minor": [
144,
286
],
"mechanism": [
147
],
"heap": [
150
],
"leach": [
151
],
"operations": [
152
],
"mines,": [
156
],
"precipitation": [
158
],
"compounds,": [
161
],
"possibly": [
163
],
"coprecipitation": [
164
],
"with": [
165
],
"ferric": [
166
],
"oxides,": [
167
],
"an": [
172
],
"mechanism.": [
175
],
"Isotopic": [
176
],
"analysis": [
177
],
"dissolved": [
179,
270
],
"inorganic": [
180,
271
],
"(DIC)": [
182
],
"shows": [
183
],
"that": [
184,
230,
240,
284,
295,
311
],
"uptake": [
185
],
"high": [
187
],
"CO2": [
190
],
"many": [
195
],
"pregnant": [
198
],
"solutions.": [
199
],
"However,": [
200
],
"DIC": [
201,
246
],
"reclaim": [
203
],
"pond": [
204
],
"all": [
207
],
"low": [
211
],
"-28": [
215
],
"-34": [
217
],
"indicating": [
219
],
"breakdown": [
221
],
"either": [
222,
316
],
"hydrolysis": [
224,
263,
301
],
"or": [
225,
322
],
"other": [
227,
325
],
"chemical": [
228,
326
],
"break": [
231
],
"C-N": [
233
],
"bond.": [
234
],
"Isotope": [
235
],
"mass": [
236
],
"balance": [
237
],
"calculations": [
238
],
"indicate": [
239
],
"about": [
241
],
"40": [
242
],
"%": [
243,
267
],
"load": [
247
],
"ponds,": [
250
],
"minimum,": [
253
],
"derived": [
255
],
"breakdown.": [
258
],
"This": [
259
],
"level": [
260
],
"accounts": [
264
],
"14-100": [
266
],
"species": [
273
],
"present": [
274
],
"ponds.": [
277
],
"Overall,": [
278
],
"data": [
280,
306
],
"provide": [
281
],
"quantitative": [
282
],
"evidence": [
283
],
"only": [
285
],
"amounts": [
287,
297
],
"lost": [
291
],
"via": [
292,
300,
324
],
"offgassing": [
293
],
"significant": [
296,
312
],
"destroyed": [
299,
323
],
"related": [
303
],
"pathways.": [
304,
327
],
"also": [
307
],
"highlight": [
308
],
"possibility": [
310
],
"may": [
314
],
"retained": [
317
]
},
"apc_list": null,
"apc_paid": null,
"authorships": [
{
"author_position": "first",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5013913463",
"display_name": "Craig A. Johnson",
"orcid": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996"
},
"institutions": [],
"countries": [],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "C.A. Johnson",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [],
"affiliations": []
},
{
"author_position": "middle",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5025182320",
"display_name": "D.J. Grimes",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [],
"countries": [],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "D.J. Grimes",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [],
"affiliations": []
},
{
"author_position": "last",
"author": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/A5043531351",
"display_name": "Robert O. Rye",
"orcid": null
},
"institutions": [],
"countries": [],
"is_corresponding": false,
"raw_author_name": "R.O. Rye",
"raw_affiliation_strings": [],
"affiliations": []
}
],
"best_oa_location": null,
"biblio": {
"volume": null,
"issue": null,
"first_page": null,
"last_page": null
},
"citation_normalized_percentile": null,
"cited_by_api_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1572140956",
"cited_by_count": 0,
"cited_by_percentile_year": {
"min": 0,
"max": 58
},
"concepts": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c2778455166",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55076544",
"display_name": "Cyanide",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.8811789,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c185592680",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329",
"display_name": "Chemistry",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.70421356,
"qid": "Q166089"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c107872376",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355",
"display_name": "Environmental chemistry",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.5158081,
"qid": "Q166131"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c22117777",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148629",
"display_name": "Stable isotope ratio",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.4603024,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c185059815",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471790",
"display_name": "Isotopes of carbon",
"level": 3,
"score": 0.4347617,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c199289684",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353",
"display_name": "Mineralogy",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.3479994,
"qid": "Q159009"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c179104552",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165",
"display_name": "Inorganic chemistry",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.32023937,
"qid": "Q166171"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c158787203",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900291",
"display_name": "Total organic carbon",
"level": 2,
"score": 0.10613677,
"qid": null
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c121332964",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413",
"display_name": "Physics",
"level": 0,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q166093"
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/c62520636",
"wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944",
"display_name": "Quantum mechanics",
"level": 1,
"score": 0.0,
"qid": "Q226309"
}
],
"corresponding_author_ids": [],
"corresponding_institution_ids": [],
"countries_distinct_count": 0,
"counts_by_year": [],
"created_date": "2016-06-24",
"datasets": [],
"display_name": "Accounting for cyanide and its degradation products at three Nevada gold mines; constraints from stable C- and N-isotopes",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98753",
"fwci": 0.0,
"grants": [],
"has_fulltext": false,
"id": "https://openalex.org/W1572140956",
"ids": {
"openalex": "https://openalex.org/W1572140956",
"doi": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98753",
"mag": "1572140956"
},
"indexed_in": [
"crossref"
],
"institutions_distinct_count": 0,
"is_paratext": false,
"is_retracted": false,
"keywords": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/keywords/cyanide-removal",
"display_name": "Cyanide Removal",
"score": 0.503387
}
],
"language": "en",
"locations": [
{
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98753",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210194219",
"display_name": "Antarctica A Keystone in a Changing World",
"issn_l": "0196-1497",
"issn": [
"0196-1497",
"2331-1258",
"2332-4899"
],
"is_oa": true,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316088",
"host_organization_name": "United States Department of the Interior",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"United States Department of the Interior"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": null,
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
}
],
"locations_count": 1,
"mesh": [],
"ngrams_url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/W1572140956/ngrams",
"open_access": {
"is_oa": false,
"oa_status": "closed",
"oa_url": null,
"any_repository_has_fulltext": false
},
"primary_location": {
"is_oa": false,
"landing_page_url": "https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr98753",
"pdf_url": null,
"source": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/S4210194219",
"display_name": "Antarctica A Keystone in a Changing World",
"issn_l": "0196-1497",
"issn": [
"0196-1497",
"2331-1258",
"2332-4899"
],
"is_oa": true,
"is_in_doaj": false,
"is_core": true,
"host_organization": "https://openalex.org/P4310316088",
"host_organization_name": "United States Department of the Interior",
"host_organization_lineage": [
"https://openalex.org/P4310316088"
],
"host_organization_lineage_names": [
"United States Department of the Interior"
],
"type": "journal"
},
"license": null,
"license_id": null,
"version": null,
"is_accepted": false,
"is_published": false
},
"primary_topic": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10398",
"display_name": "Stable Isotope Analysis of Groundwater and Precipitation",
"score": 0.9988,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1906",
"display_name": "Geochemistry and Petrology"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19",
"display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
"publication_date": "1998-01-01",
"publication_year": 1998,
"referenced_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W1986095833",
"https://openalex.org/W1988378253",
"https://openalex.org/W2022448496"
],
"referenced_works_count": 3,
"related_works": [
"https://openalex.org/W4323667237",
"https://openalex.org/W2360263305",
"https://openalex.org/W2173943996",
"https://openalex.org/W2129579758",
"https://openalex.org/W2079041566",
"https://openalex.org/W2064290469",
"https://openalex.org/W2011876247",
"https://openalex.org/W1980518730",
"https://openalex.org/W184491732",
"https://openalex.org/W1787769914"
],
"sustainable_development_goals": [
{
"score": 0.42,
"id": "https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6",
"display_name": "Clean water and sanitation"
}
],
"title": "Accounting for cyanide and its degradation products at three Nevada gold mines; constraints from stable C- and N-isotopes",
"topics": [
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T10398",
"display_name": "Stable Isotope Analysis of Groundwater and Precipitation",
"score": 0.9988,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1906",
"display_name": "Geochemistry and Petrology"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19",
"display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T12218",
"display_name": "Geochemistry and Utilization of Coal and Coal Byproducts",
"score": 0.9778,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1906",
"display_name": "Geochemistry and Petrology"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/19",
"display_name": "Earth and Planetary Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/3",
"display_name": "Physical Sciences"
}
},
{
"id": "https://openalex.org/T12305",
"display_name": "Cyanogenic Glycosides in Plants and Industrial Wastewaters",
"score": 0.9764,
"subfield": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/subfields/1110",
"display_name": "Plant Science"
},
"field": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/fields/11",
"display_name": "Agricultural and Biological Sciences"
},
"domain": {
"id": "https://openalex.org/domains/1",
"display_name": "Life Sciences"
}
}
],
"type": "article",
"type_crossref": "journal-article",
"updated_date": "2024-08-11T19:15:33.126734",
"versions": [],
"qid": "Q77221"
}
}