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     "name": "Restoration handbook for sagebrush steppe ecosystems with emphasis on greater sage-grouse habitat\u2014Part 3. Site level restoration decisions",
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     "datePublished": "2017",
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     "abstract": "Sagebrush steppe ecosystems in the United States currently (2016) occur on only about one-half of their historical land area because of changes in land use, urban growth, and degradation of land, including invasions of non-native plants. The existence of many animal species depends on the existence of sagebrush steppe habitat. The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) depends on large landscapes of intact habitat of sagebrush and perennial grasses for their existence. In addition, other sagebrush-obligate animals have similar requirements and restoration of landscapes for greater sage-grouse also will benefit these animals. Once sagebrush lands are degraded, they may require restoration actions to make those lands viable habitat for supporting sagebrush-obligate animals, livestock, and wild horses, and to provide ecosystem services for humans now and for future generations.When a decision is made on where restoration treatments should be applied, there are a number of site-specific decisions managers face before selecting the appropriate type of restoration. This site-level decision tool for restoration of sagebrush steppe ecosystems is organized in nine steps.Step 1 describes the process of defining site-level restoration objectives.Step 2 describes the ecological site characteristics of the restoration site. This covers soil chemistry and texture, soil moisture and temperature regimes, and the vegetation communities the site is capable of supporting.Step 3 compares the current vegetation to the plant communities associated with the site State and Transition models.Step 4 takes the manager through the process of current land uses and past disturbances that may influence restoration success.Step 5 is a brief discussion of how weather before and after treatments may impact restoration success.Step 6 addresses restoration treatment types and their potential positive and negative impacts on the ecosystem and on habitats, especially for greater sage-grouse. We discuss when passive restoration options may be sufficient and when active restoration may be necessary to achieve restoration objectives.Step 7 addresses decisions regarding post-restoration livestock grazing management.Step 8 addresses monitoring of the restoration; we discuss important aspects associated with implementation monitoring as well as effectiveness monitoring.Step 9 takes the information learned from monitoring to determine how restoration actions in the future might be adapted to improve restoration success.",
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   "title": "Restoration handbook for sagebrush steppe ecosystems with emphasis on greater sage-grouse habitat\u2014Part 3. Site level restoration decisions",
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   "type": "article",
   "type_crossref": "journal-article",
   "updated_date": "2024-08-09T05:48:46.915953",
   "versions": [],
   "qid": "Q58312"
 }

}

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